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The total percentage of exchanges detectable by painting three pairs of chromosomes with separate colours was calculated as 40%. Giemsa staining revealed predominantly asymmetric chromosome exchanges, which are expected to comprise 50% of the total induced exchanges. Genomic exchange frequencies were, therefore, determined by multiplying the observed frequencies from FISH analysis by 2.5 and the number of asymmetric exchanges identified in Giemsa\u2010stained slides by 2.0. By these calculations, the genomic exchange frequency calculated from chromosome painting exceeded that estimated by Giemsa\u2010staining. This difference was due to the identification by chromosome painting of a unique class of cells in which chromosomes had undergone complex exchanges (nonreciprocal exchanges involving multiple mutual sites). The percentage of cells exhibiting exchanges was similar for both methods. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850260107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T19:05:17Z","timestamp":1172084717000},"page":"44-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Use of multicolour chromosome painting to identify chromosomal rearrangements in human lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin: A comparison with conventional cytogenetic analysis of giemsa\u2010stained chromosomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sian","family":"Ellard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850220106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(85)90023-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(89)90108-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01340573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009314551271"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3572080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(88)90017-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Nonrandom localization of chromosome damage in human cells and targets for clastogenic action","volume":"6","author":"Brogger A","year":"1977","journal-title":"Chrom Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Radiation\u2010Induced Chromosome Damage in Man","author":"Buckton KE","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(73)90007-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90036-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990180103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals for Mutagenicity","author":"Committee on Mutagenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/265589a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(78)90203-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(81)90149-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EastmondDA RupaDS ChenHW HasegawaL(1993):Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromeric DNA probes as a new approach to distinguish chromosome breakage from aneuploidy in interphase cells and micronuclei. 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