{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1767855252903,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4212,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the potential effect of maternal environments on human embryonic\/fetal somatic mutation, we measured the frequencies of hypoxanthine\u2010guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> gene), mutant T lymphocytes (M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>), and glycophorin A (GPA) variant erythrocytes (V<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>) of both allele\u2010loss (\u00f8\/N) and allele\u2010loss\u2010and\u2010duplication (N\/N) phenotypes in umbilical cord blood. The mean <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> (1.40 \u00b1 1.11 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, N = 66) and GPA V<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> (\u00f8\/N 4.0 \u00b1 2.2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, N = 114; N\/N 2.7 \u00b1 2.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, N = 91) were significantly lower than those previously reported for adult populations. In addition, the <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> was significantly higher than that of a published study of newborn cord blood samples from a geographically distant population (0.64 \u00b1 0.41 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, N = 45, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; t test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, Mann\u2010Whitney U test). An examination of the demographic data from these two populations led to the sampling of 10 additional newborns specifically matched to the published study for maternal socioeconomic status. The <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> (0.70 \u00b1 0.49 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>) of this selected population was consistent with the published report and significantly lower than that of our initial population (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.03, t test; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, Mann\u2010Whitney U test). These results indicate that there is an environmental effect related to maternal socioeconomic status on the frequency of embryonic\/fetal somatic mutations. Molecular analyses of <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> mutants from this cohort with elevated M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> revealed a significant decrease in the relative contribution of gross structural mutations to the overall M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> (25 of 38, 66% vs. 34 of 41, 83%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024, x<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test), suggesting that the higher M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> resulted from an elevated level of \u201cpoint\u201d mutations. No individual maternal demographic or environmental factor was identified as contributing more significantly than other any factor to the observed variability in <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> M<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> or GPA V<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850260304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T19:37:01Z","timestamp":1172086621000},"page":"203-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sensitivity of somatic mutations in human umbilical cord blood to maternal environments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"David K.","family":"Manchester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice A.","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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