{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T21:40:22Z","timestamp":1766266822900},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8230,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fluctuation test using <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> strain 1535 has been used in an experimental protocol to assess biological effects of interactions between chromium (VI), such as K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and two DNA\u2010damaging agents, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), and sodium azide. Mutagenicity, expressed as the average number of mutations induced over a parallel control, was determined for the compounds alone and in combination. The significance of the differences between the \u201cexpected\u201d response, calculated by simple addition of the responses from the individual tests, and the observed response when the combination was tested, were estimated by chi square. For the combination of K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and NaN<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, the response was significantly greater than expected suggesting a possible potentiation of mutagenesis. The opposite (a less\u2010than\u2010additive response) was found for the K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\/EMS combination. Both effects were found to be dose related to the concentration of potassium chromate used. Toxicity of the compounds or their combinations to the bacteria could not explain the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860060307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T22:44:21Z","timestamp":1172011461000},"page":"311-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chromium (VI) Potentiates Mutagenesis by Sodium Azide But Not Ethyl Methanesulfonate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"James M.","family":"Lavelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte M.","family":"Witmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/1.4.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(78)90001-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(80)90168-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(76)90077-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals","author":"Kazantsis G","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0796-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.33.4.805-809.1977","article-title":"Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium on Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"33","author":"Pertilli FL","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1006310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02783844"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(82)90024-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"Current concepts on mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Weinstein IB","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull NY Acad Med"}],"container-title":["Environmental Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.2860060307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.2860060307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T20:38:49Z","timestamp":1697747929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.2860060307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.2860060307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.2860060307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-2521","1930-238X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-2521","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-238X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}}}