{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T04:41:09Z","timestamp":1720932069584},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8230,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kat is being used extensively in many countries as a central nervous system stimulant. The effect of three doses of crude kat extract on chromosomal division and abnormalities in bone marrow, as well as on DNA, RNA, and total protein content in brain and liver was studied in laboratory rats in order to test the possible mutagenicity of the drug. Kat was given as a single subcutaneous injection at 0.05 (usage dose), 0.52 (intermediate dose), and 1.00 (sublethal dose) g\/kg body weight. Animals were sacrificed at 6, 24, and 48 hr after treatment. Also, some animals were exposed subacutely for 5 consecutive days with sacrifice occurring 6 hr after the last injection. The mitotic index was reduced by all treatments, with the greatest effect occurring in the subacute treatment. Chromosomal abnormalities were induced by kat at all three doses, administered acutely or subacutely. The significant chromosomal aberrations were in the form of gaps, breaks, centromeric attenuations, and centric fusions. The concentration of DNA, RNA, and total protein in liver and brain decreased at all doses, with the greatest decrease occurring after subacute treatment. These findings suggest that kat has a profound effect on cell proliferation, on chromosomal abnormalities, and on DNA, RNA, and total protein synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860060611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T22:39:54Z","timestamp":1172011194000},"page":"851-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Chromosomal and biochemical studies on the effect of kat extract on laboratory rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"H. A.","family":"De Hondt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Abdelbaset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm50015a010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Determination of LD50","volume":"177","author":"Behrens A","year":"1953","journal-title":"Arch Exp Path Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2261165a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Chromosomal and biochemical studies on laboratory rats exposed to cannabis extracts","volume":"9","author":"de Hondt HA","year":"1980","journal-title":"Egypt J Genet Cyt"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02759093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.212.9.1488"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60285-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670074.1947.11664588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Effect of khat extract, D\u2010cycloserine and thalidomide on ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the neurons of 7 and 19 days chick embryo","volume":"3","author":"Hammouda EM","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull Fac Sci Riyad Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Effect of khat extract, D\u2010cycloserine and thalidomide on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the neurons of 7 and 19 days chick embryo","volume":"4","author":"Hammouda EM","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull Fac Sci Riyad Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"A case of poisoning with Catha edulis","volume":"22","author":"Heisch RB","year":"1945","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Khat and congenital abnormalities","volume":"36","author":"Kamel AH","year":"1967","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"720","article-title":"Medical aspects of habitual consumption of kath (kat)","volume":"25","author":"Le Bras M","year":"1965","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(73)90284-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600640432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02863161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1939.258.2-3.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"MekkawyHA(1980):Effect of kat extracts on some physiological aspects of male rats. PhD thesis Fac Sci Cairo Univ Egypt."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"MossoM(1891): Rivista Clinica XXX:"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"251","article-title":"The pharmacological action of Catha edulis and its alkaloids","volume":"4","author":"Stockman RC","year":"1912","journal-title":"J Pharm Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"MostafaAMA(1980):Comparative pharmacological study on Catha edulis and Cannabis sativa. MSc thesis Fac Pharm Cairo Univ Egypt."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Drug Induced Diseases","author":"Nichols WW","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(72)90177-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(77)80118-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(79)90004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Essal de caracterisation du Kat ou The des Abyssins (Catha edulis Forsk, Celasteracees), drogue recemment inscrite au tableau B","volume":"15","author":"Paris MR","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Pharm France"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Sympathomimetic action of Catha edulis","volume":"260","author":"Raymond\u2010Hamet M","year":"1965","journal-title":"Comp Remd"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.55.6.1431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41543-2","article-title":"Phosphorous compounds in animal tissues. 1. Extraction and estimation of deoxypentose nucleic acid","volume":"161","author":"Schneider WC","year":"1945","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The botany and chemistry of kat","volume":"3","year":"1979","journal-title":"MNAR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00285115"}],"container-title":["Environmental Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.2860060611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.2860060611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T05:05:25Z","timestamp":1697778325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.2860060611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.2860060611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.2860060611","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0192-2521","1930-238X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0192-2521","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-238X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}}}