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Here we characterize at physiological, functional and structural levels two novel surface\u2010exposed thioredoxin\u2010family lipoproteins, Etrx1 and Etrx2. The impact of both Etrx proteins and their redox partner methionine sulfoxide reductase\n                    <jats:italic>Sp<\/jats:italic>\n                    MsrAB2 on pneumococcal pathogenesis was assessed in mouse virulence studies and phagocytosis assays. The results demonstrate that loss of function of either both Etrx proteins or\n                    <jats:italic>Sp<\/jats:italic>\n                    MsrAB2 dramatically attenuated pneumococcal virulence in the acute mouse pneumonia model and that Etrx proteins compensate each other. The deficiency of Etrx proteins or\n                    <jats:italic>Sp<\/jats:italic>\n                    MsrAB2 further enhanced bacterial uptake by macrophages, and accelerated pneumococcal killing by H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    or free methionine sulfoxides (MetSO). Moreover, the absence of both Etrx redox pathways provokes an accumulation of oxidized\n                    <jats:italic>Sp<\/jats:italic>\n                    MsrAB2\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Taken together our results reveal insights into the role of two extracellular electron pathways required for reduction of\n                    <jats:italic>Sp<\/jats:italic>\n                    MsrAB2 and surface\u2010exposed MetSO. Identification of this system and its target proteins paves the way for the design of novel antimicrobials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201202435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T01:44:40Z","timestamp":1382060680000},"page":"1852-1870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Molecular architecture of Streptococcus pneumoniae surface thioredoxin\u2010fold lipoproteins crucial for extracellular oxidative stress resistance and maintenance of virulence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Malek","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio G.","family":"Bartual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed R.","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Jensch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tauseef M.","family":"Asmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Petruschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pribyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Gellert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Lillig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haike","family":"Antelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Hermoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Hammerschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFEMMM201202435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05563-11","volume":"80","author":"VF Andisi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andisi VF, Hinojosa CA, de Jong A, Kuipers OP, Orihuela CJ, Bijlsma JJ (2012) Pneumococcal gene complex involved in resistance to extracellular oxidative stress. 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