{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:36:47Z","timestamp":1783417007860,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":198,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jacepopen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACEP Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.13118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T05:13:30Z","timestamp":1709874810000},"page":"e13118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Noninvasive respiratory support in the emergency department: Controversies and state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jarrod M.","family":"Mosier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tidswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry E.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000128","article-title":"The epidemiology of respiratory failure in the United States 2002\u20132017: a serial cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"2","author":"Kempker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cairns C, Kang K. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2019 Emergency Department Summary Tables. 2022.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:115748"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2023.07.024","article-title":"Emergency department volume, severity, and crowding since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","author":"Oskvarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00416.2021","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula compared to continuous positive airway pressure: a bench and physiological study","author":"Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.04.39","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"6","author":"Bello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00009","article-title":"Cardiac and respiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiac pulmonary edema","volume":"30","author":"Chadda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032185","article-title":"Ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of continuous positive airway pressure in left heart failure","volume":"155","author":"Lenique","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.6.1725","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"91","author":"Naughton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.4.568","article-title":"Effects of continuous positive\u2010pressure ventilation in experimental pulmonary edema","volume":"40","author":"Hopewell","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9248","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03492-9","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"Masip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1270OC","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"168","author":"Nava","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0065","article-title":"Efficacy of positive airway pressure therapy and high flow nasal cannula oxygen in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a protocol for systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis","volume":"9","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052761","article-title":"Parallel\u2010group, randomised, controlled, non\u2010inferiority trial of high\u2010flow nasal cannula versus non\u2010invasive ventilation for emergency patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: study protocol","volume":"12","author":"Ruangsomboon","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0075","unstructured":"Alos B, Marjanovic N, Guenezan J, Jonchier M. High flow nasal cannula versus noninvasive ventilation for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with acute respiratory failure in an ED 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04971213"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061937","article-title":"Benefits of high\u2010flow nasal cannula therapy for acute pulmonary edema in patients with heart failure in the emergency department: a prospective multi\u2010center randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.03.028","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy in emergency department patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Makdee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07278","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula in early emergency department management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"65","author":"Marjanovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.461","article-title":"Comparison of high\u2010flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and non\u2010invasive ventilation as first\u2010line therapy in respiratory failure: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"7","author":"Koga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab078","article-title":"Helmet continuous positive airway pressure vs. high flow nasal cannula oxygen in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Osman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2204556","article-title":"Noninvasive respiratory support for adults with acute respiratory failure","volume":"387","author":"Munshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06228-7","article-title":"Use of nasal high flow oxygen during acute respiratory failure","author":"Ricard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4890-1","article-title":"Optimum support by high\u2010flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: effects of increasing flow rates","volume":"43","author":"Mauri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S185001","article-title":"Nasal high\u2010flow in acute hypercapnic exacerbation of COPD","volume":"13","author":"Braunlich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887114666190710180540","article-title":"High flow through nasal cannula in stable and exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Bruni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.01.125","article-title":"Effectiveness of high\u2010flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for acute respiratory failure with hypercapnia","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thoracic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12772","article-title":"High flow nasal cannulae oxygen therapy in acute\u2010moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003740","article-title":"High\u2010flow oxygen therapy after noninvasive ventilation interruption in patients recovering from hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: a physiological crossover trial","volume":"47","author":"Longhini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13050","article-title":"Physiological effects of titrated oxygen via nasal high\u2010flow cannulae in COPD exacerbations: a randomized controlled cross\u2010over trial","volume":"22","author":"Pilcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0597-5","article-title":"Effects of high\u2010flow nasal cannula and non\u2010invasive ventilation on inspiratory effort in hypercapnic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary study","volume":"9","author":"Rittayamai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20190026","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of high\u2010flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in moderate acute hypercapnic respiratory failure","volume":"31","author":"Yuste","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista brasileira de terapia intensiva"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2020.1715361","article-title":"Nasal high flow use in COPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure: treatment algorithm & review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Pantazopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"8860","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90696-E","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease","volume":"341","author":"Bott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331301","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"333","author":"Brochard","year":"1995","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S206567","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non\u2010invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute\u2010moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure: an observational cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04218-3","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula versus non\u2010invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized trials","volume":"26","author":"Ovtcharenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03409-0","article-title":"High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non\u2010inferiority randomized trial","volume":"24","author":"Cortegiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.03.008","article-title":"The ventilatory effect of high velocity nasal insufflation compared to non\u2010invasive positive\u2010pressure ventilation in the treatment of hypercapneic respiratory failure: a subgroup analysis","volume":"49","author":"Doshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197409000-00006","article-title":"Effects of anesthesia and paralysis on diaphragmatic mechanics in man","volume":"41","author":"Froese","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9806077","article-title":"Spontaneous breathing during ventilatory support improves ventilation\u2010perfusion distributions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"159","author":"Putensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318287f6e7","article-title":"Topographic distribution of tidal ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: effects of positive end\u2010expiratory pressure and pressure support","volume":"41","author":"Mauri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.1.2001078","article-title":"Long\u2010term effects of spontaneous breathing during ventilatory support in patients with acute lung injury","volume":"164","author":"Putensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0536OC","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation\u2010induced diaphragm atrophy strongly impacts clinical outcomes","volume":"197","author":"Goligher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0620OC","article-title":"Evolution of diaphragm thickness during mechanical ventilation. impact of inspiratory effort","volume":"192","author":"Goligher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9607","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60105-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"371","author":"Girard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e702","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000605","article-title":"Higher levels of spontaneous breathing reduce lung injury in experimental moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000124","article-title":"Higher levels of spontaneous breathing induce lung recruitment and reduce global stress\/strain in experimental lung injury","volume":"120","author":"Guldner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1081CP","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation to minimize progression of lung injury in acute respiratory failure","volume":"195","author":"Brochard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000055","article-title":"Spontaneous breathing in mild and moderate versus severe acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Guldner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0748CP","article-title":"Fifty years of research in ARDS. Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation. Risks, mechanisms, and management","volume":"195","author":"Yoshida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182451c40","article-title":"Spontaneous breathing during lung\u2010protective ventilation in an experimental acute lung injury model: high transpulmonary pressure associated with strong spontaneous breathing effort may worsen lung injury","volume":"40","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182711972","article-title":"The comparison of spontaneous breathing and muscle paralysis in two different severities of experimental lung injury","volume":"41","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0006ED","article-title":"Not just oxygen? Mechanisms of benefit from high\u2010flow nasal cannula in hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"195","author":"Goligher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002693","article-title":"Effects of high\u2010flow nasal cannula on the work of breathing in patients recovering from acute respiratory failure","volume":"45","author":"Delorme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-0916OC","article-title":"Physiologic effects of high\u2010flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"195","author":"Mauri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06031","article-title":"Effects of high\u2010flow nasal cannula on end\u2010expiratory lung impedance in semi\u2010seated healthy subjects","volume":"63","author":"Plotnikow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02358","article-title":"Pressures delivered by nasal high flow oxygen during all phases of the respiratory cycle","volume":"58","author":"Parke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2354-6","article-title":"Beneficial effects of humidified high flow nasal oxygen in critical care patients: a prospective pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Sztrymf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09247","article-title":"Noninvasive respiratory support","volume":"66","author":"Piraino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3222-y","article-title":"Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: trends in use and outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Schnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3370-0","article-title":"Trends in use and benefits of non\u2010invasive ventilation as first\u2010line therapy in acute respiratory failure","volume":"40","author":"Thille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4087-4","article-title":"Changing use of noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients: trends over 15 years in francophone countries","volume":"42","author":"Demoule","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1306OC","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Insights from the LUNG SAFE Study","volume":"195","author":"Bellani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9524","article-title":"Association of noninvasive oxygenation strategies with all\u2010cause mortality in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"324","author":"Ferreyro","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440703","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure","volume":"344","author":"Hilbert","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390703","article-title":"A comparison of noninvasive positive\u2010pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"339","author":"Antonelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.6.3916","article-title":"Noninvasive vs conventional mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Honrubia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0324-1","article-title":"Benefits and risks of success or failure of noninvasive ventilation","volume":"32","author":"Demoule","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2475-6","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive ventilation in community\u2010acquired pneumonia and severe acute respiratory failure","volume":"38","author":"Carrillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1114-4","article-title":"Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a multi\u2010center study","volume":"27","author":"Antonelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R269","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13103","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: intubation rate and risk factors","volume":"17","author":"Thille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","article-title":"High\u2010flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"372","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.12.006","article-title":"High\u2010velocity nasal insufflation in the treatment of respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"72","author":"Doshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20714","article-title":"Effect of high\u2010flow oxygen therapy vs conventional oxygen therapy on invasive mechanical ventilation and clinical recovery in patients with severe COVID\u201019: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"326","author":"Ospina\u2010Tascon","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03784-2","article-title":"Benefits and risks of noninvasive oxygenation strategy in COVID\u201019: a multicenter, prospective cohort study (COVID\u2010ICU) in 137 hospitals","volume":"25","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2007LE","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula in critically iii patients with severe COVID\u201019","volume":"202","author":"Demoule","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000355","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and severe hypoxemia are associated with higher rates of noninvasive respiratory support failure in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0028","article-title":"Effect of noninvasive respiratory strategies on intubation or mortality among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and COVID\u201019: the RECOVERY\u2010RS randomized clinical trial","volume":"327","author":"Perkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4682","article-title":"Effect of helmet noninvasive ventilation vs high\u2010flow nasal oxygen on days free of respiratory support in patients with COVID\u201019 and moderate to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"325","author":"Grieco","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2168","article-title":"High\u2010dose dexamethasone and oxygen support strategies in intensive care unit patients with severe COVID\u201019 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the COVIDICUS randomized clinical trial","volume":"182","author":"Bouadma","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15613","article-title":"Effect of high\u2010flow nasal cannula oxygen vs standard oxygen therapy on mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID\u201019: the SOHO\u2010COVID randomized clinical trial","volume":"328","author":"Frat","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2022-218806","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal oxygen versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients with COVID\u201019 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Crimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09987","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula versus noninvasive ventilation in patients with COVID\u201019","volume":"67","author":"Beran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.07.071","article-title":"Use of high\u2010flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in patients with COVID\u201019: a multicenter observational study","volume":"46","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.08622","article-title":"High failure rate of noninvasive oxygenation strategies in critically ill subjects with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID\u201019","volume":"66","author":"Menga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00105-3","article-title":"The Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome: should patients receiving high\u2010flow nasal oxygen be included?","volume":"9","author":"Matthay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202109-2163OC","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal oxygen for severe hypoxemia: oxygenation response and outcome in patients with COVID\u201019","volume":"205","author":"Ranieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202112-2727ED","article-title":"Go with the flow: expanding the definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome to include high\u2010flow nasal oxygen","volume":"205","author":"Ware","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07050-7","article-title":"ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies","volume":"49","author":"Grasselli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0558WS","article-title":"A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"209","author":"Matthay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1760-8","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is superior to conventional oxygen therapy but not to noninvasive mechanical ventilation on intubation rate: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.01.004","article-title":"Can high\u2010flow nasal cannula reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation in adult patients with acute respiratory failure compared with conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation?: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"151","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000892","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula compared with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1861-4","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula versus noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure: interaction between PaO2\/FiO2 and tidal volume","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06312-y","article-title":"The role for high flow nasal cannula as a respiratory support strategy in adults: a clinical practice guideline","volume":"46","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02426-2016","article-title":"Official ERS\/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure","volume":"50","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001379","article-title":"Failure of noninvasive ventilation for de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: role of tidal volume","volume":"44","author":"Carteaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0841OC","article-title":"Physiological comparison of high\u2010flow nasal cannula and helmet noninvasive ventilation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"201","author":"Grieco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05942-6","article-title":"Respiratory drive in the acute respiratory distress syndrome: pathophysiology, monitoring, and therapeutic interventions","volume":"46","author":"Spinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0539OC","article-title":"Spontaneous effort causes occult pendelluft during mechanical ventilation","volume":"188","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0324-z","article-title":"Effect of inspiratory synchronization during pressure\u2010controlled ventilation on lung distension and inspiratory effort","volume":"7","author":"Rittayamai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201206-034OC","article-title":"Use of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure, 2000\u20132009: a population\u2010based study","volume":"10","author":"Walkey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1094OC","article-title":"Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States, 1998\u20132008","volume":"185","author":"Chandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201706-1244OC","article-title":"High positive end\u2010expiratory pressure renders spontaneous effort noninjurious","volume":"197","author":"Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201912-2512OC","article-title":"Early inspiratory effort assessment by esophageal manometry predicts noninvasive ventilation outcome in de novo respiratory failure. A pilot study","volume":"202","author":"Tonelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4601-3","article-title":"Assessment of heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation, and respiratory rate to predict noninvasive ventilation failure in hypoxemic patients","volume":"43","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002818","article-title":"Predictors of intubation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with a noninvasive oxygenation strategy","volume":"46","author":"Frat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07688","article-title":"Fluid balance predicts need for intubation in patients with respiratory failure initiated on high flow nasal cannula","volume":"66","author":"Varipapa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0550","first-page":"693","article-title":"High\u2010flow nasal cannula for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID\u201019","volume":"15","author":"Panadero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06177-1","article-title":"Contributors. Prediction of outcome of nasal high flow use during COVID\u201019\u2010related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"46","author":"Zucman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201803-0589OC","article-title":"An index combining respiratory rate and oxygenation to predict outcome of nasal high\u2010flow therapy","volume":"199","author":"Roca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.06.020","article-title":"Increasing support by nasal high flow acutely modifies the ROX index in hypoxemic patients: a physiologic study","volume":"53","author":"Mauri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.12.009","article-title":"Development and prospective validation of a deep learning algorithm for predicting need for mechanical ventilation","volume":"159","author":"Shashikumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10382","article-title":"Predicting failure of noninvasive respiratory support using deep recurrent learning","volume":"68","author":"Essay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.03.008","article-title":"The effect of emergency department crowding on lung\u2010protective ventilation utilization for critically ill patients","volume":"52","author":"Owyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002268","article-title":"A quasi\u2010experimental, before\u2010after trial examining the impact of an emergency department mechanical ventilator protocol on clinical outcomes and lung\u2010protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Fuller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003928","article-title":"The ED\u2010SED study: a multicenter, prospective cohort study of practice patterns and clinical outcomes associated with emergency department sedation for mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"47","author":"Fuller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1002\/emp2.13118_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173971","article-title":"A target for increased mortality risk in critically ill patients: the concept of perpetuity","volume":"10","author":"Mosier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["JACEP Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2688115224011883?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2688115224011883?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/emp2.13118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T02:06:30Z","timestamp":1737770790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2688115224011883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2688115224011883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/emp2.13118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-1152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-1152","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Noninvasive respiratory support in the emergency department: Controversies and state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art recommendations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACEP Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/emp2.13118","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2024 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e13118"}}