{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:02:01Z","timestamp":1776182521830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While COVID\u201019 is ravaging the lives of millions of people across the globe, a second pandemic \u201cblack fungus\u201d has surfaced robbing people of their lives especially people who are recovering from coronavirus. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze public perceptions through sentiment analysis regarding black fungus during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. To attain the objective, first, a support vector machine (SVM) model, with an average AUC of 82.75%, was developed to classify user sentiments in terms of anger, fear, joy, and sad. Next, this SVM model was used to predict the class labels of the public tweets (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6477) related to COVID\u201019 and black fungus. As outcome, this article found public perceptions towards black fungus during COVID\u201019 pandemic belong mostly to sad (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 2370, 36.59%), followed by joy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2095, 32.34%), fear (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1914, 29.55%) and anger (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 98, 1.51%). This article also found that public perceptions are varied to some critical concerns like education, lockdown, hospital, oxygen, quarantine, and vaccine. For example, people mostly exhibited fear in social media about education, hospital, vaccine while some people expressed joy about education, hospital, vaccine, and oxygen. Again, it was found that mass people have an ignorance tendency to lockdown, COVID\u201019 restrictions, and prescribed hygiene rules although the coronavirus and black fungus infection rates broke the previous infection records.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eng2.12475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T03:00:34Z","timestamp":1636945234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["COVID\u201019 and black fungus: Analysis of the public perceptions through machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0149-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nafiz","family":"Imtiaz Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahasin","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7189-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nazrul Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13383"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID\u201019 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed Atenei Parmensis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3002445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1770632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mucormycosis\u2013the black fungus","volume":"2","author":"Suri P","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiol Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1029","volume-title":"Fulminant Mucormycosis Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). vol. 11 of International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","author":"Karimi\u2010Galougahi M","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"CollmanA.Tens of thousands of COVID\u201019 survivors in India are developing deadly 'black fungus' infections that can lead to blindness. 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