{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T04:28:21Z","timestamp":1768105701380,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sunflower syndrome is a rare photosensitive childhood\u2010onset epilepsy, featuring repetitive handwaving events (HWE) triggered by light. Objective documentation of these HWE can be difficult due to the numerous events occurring daily and\/or caregivers who document the seizures but are not always present. Hence, seizure diaries can be underreporting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a feasibility study in three Belgian Sunflower syndrome individuals to assess the possibility to quantify the HWE\u00a0by a wrist\u2010worn wearable device (Axivity AX6). We conducted a structured exercise aiming to capture patterns of possible confounders in a controlled environment. Subsequently, patients wore the device for three to six consecutive days and nights at home. Spectral power analyses were performed to characterize the frequency signature of the different movements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HWE of patient A and B showed homogeneity and narrow\u2010band frequencies. Patient C did not experience any HWE at the start of the study due to proper seizure control. Regarding HWE, there was a higher spectral power for Gyroscope Z (Gz) compared to Gy. The inter\u2010subject variability for HWE frequency peaks was in the 3\u20136\u2009Hz range. Computer analysis by visual annotation, without checking the seizure diary, detected 71% of the HWE if the HWE lasted for longer than 5\u2009s (sensitivity 64%). For shorter HWE duration, the detection rate was 50% but seemed to be higher if there was a concordant change of eye movement (63%) (sensitivity 36%). The most obvious confounder was toothbrushing (TB). However, TB showed a different pattern: that is, higher or comparable spectral power for Gy compared to Gz. There was also a higher or comparable spectral power for Gy compared to Gz for \u201cwaving hello\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that the wearable movement sensor Axivity AX6 can detect HWE in Sunflower syndrome individuals and distinguish them from confounders in a real\u2010world setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T16:09:27Z","timestamp":1733414967000},"page":"219-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seizure quantification in sunflower syndrome by a wrist\u2010worn device"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Sourbron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology University Hospital KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-6877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee","family":"Proost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology University Hospital KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vandenneucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Biopharma SRL  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ticcinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Biopharma SRL  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Roelens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology AZ Delta  Roeselare Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u2010Sofie","family":"Schoonjans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Antwerp University Hospital  Edegem Belgium"},{"name":"University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Sercu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Jan Yperman Hospital  Ieper Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Verhelst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology University Hospital KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7118-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieven","family":"Lagae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology University Hospital KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.04.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02147-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Axivity Guide.No Title [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 15]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Soares MJ","author":"Aguiar\u2010Conraria L","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Current norms and practices in using a seizure diary for managing epilepsy: a scoping review","volume":"64","author":"Egenasi CK","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr Fam Pract off J South Afr Acad Fam Pract Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S107669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.736977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.32700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.724904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Rachel KupermanM FOUNDER & CEO. 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