{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:40:28Z","timestamp":1786977628661,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Startle\u2010induced seizure is a rare type of reflex seizure triggered by unexpected sensory stimuli that often occurs in children with early acquired cerebral lesions or brain malformations. We report a unique case of adult\u2010onset epilepsy with startle\u2010induced seizures. A 24\u2010year\u2010old woman had suffered high fever and focal to bilateral tonic\u2013clonic seizures. A diagnosis of febrile infection\u2010related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) was made based on the febrile infection occurring 7\u2009days to 24\u2009h before the onset of status epilepticus, which met all criteria for cryptogenic new\u2010onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) according to the cryptogenic NORSE score. Immunotherapy and several antiseizure medications resulted in transient resolution of the seizures. Four months later, she experienced startle\u2010induced seizures triggered by unexpected stimuli, such as auditory, visual, or unexpected events, and manifesting as initial tachycardia followed by right ear deafness, right hemifacial dysesthesia, eye deviation to the right, and tonic\u2013clonic convulsions. Ictal electroencephalography revealed left temporal initial rhythmic delta activity, followed by rhythmic theta activity. The patient was diagnosed with startle epilepsy associated with FIRES and continued to receive anti\u2010seizure medications. Claustrum\u2010insular\u2010operculum lesions may have been the epileptic focus in this case, in contrast to previous cases of epilepsy with startle\u2010induced seizures originating in a frontoparietal network. This case indicates a new category of adult\u2010onset post\u2010FIRES epilepsy with startle\u2010induced seizures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T09:55:36Z","timestamp":1744710936000},"page":"451-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adult\u2010onset epilepsy with startle\u2010induced seizure after febrile infection\u2010related epilepsy syndrome: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0535-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Konomatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Kakisaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5461-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Self Defense Force Sendai Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3632-9679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takafumi","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maimi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi 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Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobukazu","family":"Nakasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi 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