{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1781063053982,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE) is a critical neurological condition in elderly patients, characterized by near\u2010continuous myoclonus associated with epileptiform EEG abnormalities. Despite its clinical significance, its features, etiologies, and prognoses are still not well understood in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the ictal semiology, polygraphic findings, etiology, and prognosis of elderly patients with MSE and to evaluate the correlation between etiology and prognosis, as well as the relationship between MSE duration and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted on patients over 60\u2009years old diagnosed with MSE between 2013 and August 2024. Clinical and electroencephalographic variables were analyzed, and statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations between etiology, MSE duration, and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010seven patients with MSE were included, with a mean age of 77.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5\u2009years, and 51.9% were female. Proximal myoclonus was observed in multiple regions, predominantly in the upper limbs and face. All patients exhibited bilateral frontocentral epileptiform or rhythmic EEG correlates of myoclonus. Etiologically, 9 cases involved hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), 15 were due to toxic\u2010metabolic or infectious causes, and 3 were linked to neurodegenerative processes. Most patients with prolonged MSE (more than 72\u2009h) required ICU admission, and complete recovery was achieved in 66.7% of cases. Mortality was observed in 9 patients, all of whom had refractory, prolonged MSE and were treated in the ICU. Significant correlations were found between etiology and prognosis, and between MSE duration and clinical outcomes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights two patterns of MSE in a case series of elderly patients: toxic\u2010metabolic MSE, associated with a favorable prognosis, and HIE\u2010associated MSE, which was refractory and linked to high mortality. These findings emphasize the importance of early etiological identification in guiding treatment and defining prognosis in elderly patients with MSE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1759392846000},"page":"1255-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Myoclonic status epilepticus in the elderly"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1657-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Saianda Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasco","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana Neiva","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Arraiolos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Canas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Loures\u2010Odivelas Local Health Unit Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol\u20102011\u2010000107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"725","volume-title":"Epilepsy. A comprehensive textbook","author":"Ohtahara U","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12917"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.640371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S295855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Myoclonic status epilepticus","author":"Gursky JM","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(15)00042\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102377\u201012\u201063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.8.1199"}],"container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epd2.70108","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:01:33Z","timestamp":1773010893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epd2.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epd2.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epd2.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1294-9361","1950-6945"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1294-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"1950-6945","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}