{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:32:12Z","timestamp":1773012732831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Magnetic resonance image\u2010guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive alternative to surgical resection for the treatment of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy (DRE). Seizures arising outside of the temporal lobe can be difficult to treat due to the heterogeneity of anatomical locations and underlying pathologies. The effectiveness of LITT ablations for extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) is not well established.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We retrospectively reviewed subjects with DRE who underwent extratemporal LITT at a single institution from 2015 to 2021. Our primary outcomes were Engel classification and reduction in baseline seizure frequency at last follow\u2010up. Our secondary outcome was postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Nine subjects were included. The mean age at LITT was 29.6\u2009years and 66% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096) were male. Mean follow\u2010up was 35\u2009months. Engel Class I outcomes were achieved in 78% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20097) with complete seizure freedom (Class IA) in 66% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096). Engel Class III outcomes were achieved in the remaining 22% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092) with worthwhile improvements to seizure activity. Two years after ablation, 78% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20097) of subjects experienced >90% reduction of seizures from baseline while 11% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091) experienced >50% reduction from baseline. Further, 33% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093) had reduction in antiseizure medications (ASMs). Postoperative complications were experienced in 22% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092) and both were transient.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Significance<\/jats:title>\n In our study of subjects with ETLE who underwent LITT for DRE, 78% achieved >90% reduction of seizure frequency from baseline and 78% of patients achieved a successful Engel Class I outcome after a mean follow\u2010up of 35\u2009months. We demonstrate LITT ablation is a safe and effective method of treatment for drug\u2010resistant ETLE and may be considered even with heterogeneous etiologies or prior surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T12:37:32Z","timestamp":1763210252000},"page":"171-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seizure outcomes of laser interstitial thermal therapy (\n LITT<\/scp>\n ) for drug\u2010resistant extratemporal epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8087-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin C.","family":"Touponse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Stanford Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan R.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek P.","family":"Buch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Purger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey H.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaimie M.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7654-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Falco\u2010Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Stanford Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scheherazade","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Stanford Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108023450501"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102022\u2010330979"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17560"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102021\u2010326185"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16614"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000343"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.1.JNS162046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.709"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.5.PEDS1336"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2012.03430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/630853"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14443"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000176"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13284"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13715"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12860"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S139544"}],"container-title":["Epileptic 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