{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:40:48Z","timestamp":1776325248736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013883","name":"LGS Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010621","name":"Pediatric Epilepsy Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Focal brain lesions may underlie generalized tonic seizures, as seen in Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome, by engaging bilateral neural networks. However, this seizure type is often not considered surgically remediable. Here, we describe the resolution of apparent electroclinically classic generalized tonic seizures in children originating from a unifocal brain lesion following resective or ablative surgery. This study aims to contribute to emerging evidence that prompt removal of a lesion may resolve generalized seizures by ameliorating aberrant network activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Boston Children's Hospital's (BCH) epilepsy surgical database was reviewed to identify children with tonic seizures due to a focal brain lesion who remained seizure\u2010free for longer than 1\u2009year following resective or ablative surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five children were identified, of whom three underwent resective surgery and two laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). Age at epilepsy onset varied from 1\u2009month to 7.25\u2009years, and age at first epilepsy surgery ranged from 5.6 to 9.5\u2009years. Lesions were predominantly located in the frontal lobe (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093), and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) was the most common underlying etiology (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093), followed by vascular lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092). At last follow\u2010up, seizure freedom (Engel Class 1A) ranged between 1.7 and 4.4\u2009years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents evidence that resection or ablation of a focal cortical lesion can resolve generalized tonic seizures. The findings also lend credence to the hypothesis that heterogeneous brain lesions can underlie shared electroclinical features through engaging similar brain networks. Children with tonic seizures in whom a lesional etiology is presumed should undergo timely surgical evaluation, as removal of a focal lesion may arrest the evolution of a secondary epileptic network and allow for the restoration of normal brain network development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:46:22Z","timestamp":1768837582000},"page":"333-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resolution of generalized tonic seizures following focal ablative or resective surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2093-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sem L.","family":"Kampman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Localization Laboratory, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itay Tokatly","family":"Latzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Localization Laboratory, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Gray School of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel\u2010Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6534-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron E. L.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurriaan M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Localization Laboratory, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb01820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/614263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1455503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000266386.55715.3f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000336767.14252.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00098-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2014.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-195407000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.911848"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109144108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30220-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18151"}],"container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70148","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epd2.70148","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T06:44:25Z","timestamp":1776321865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epd2.70148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epd2.70148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epd2.70148","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1294-9361","1950-6945"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1294-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"1950-6945","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}