{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:23:45Z","timestamp":1787397825292,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined psychological and trauma\u2010related characteristics of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and explored whether a clinically informed severity grouping distinguished distinct psychosocial patterns. PNES patients were compared with individuals with epilepsy and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included mild PNES (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920), severe PNES (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928), epilepsy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948), and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950). Assessments measured anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, dissociation, somatization, and alexithymia. PNES severity was defined using clinical indicators such as acute healthcare utilization and ictal motor intensity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both mild and severe PNES groups showed significantly higher anxiety scores than epilepsy patients and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Depression scores were highest in the mild PNES group and differed significantly from severe PNES, epilepsy, and healthy control groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Trauma profiles varied by severity: sexual abuse was more frequently reported in mild PNES, whereas physical abuse and emotional neglect were significantly higher in severe PNES (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Mild PNES patients also exhibited higher dissociation, somatization, and total alexithymia scores compared with severe PNES and healthy controls (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severity\u2010linked clinical characteristics in PNES were associated with distinct trauma profiles and psychological symptom patterns. These exploratory findings highlighted the relevance of individualized psychological assessment and support the need for further research to validate severity\u2010based distinctions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:04:57Z","timestamp":1775639097000},"page":"1095-1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological and trauma\u2010related differences in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: An exploratory severity\u2010based comparison"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mehmet Murat","family":"K\u0131rp\u0131nar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Memet \u015eakir","family":"Delil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7062-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil \u0130brahim","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Education and Research Hospital  Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcls\u00fcm","family":"Han\u00e7er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adiyaman Golbasi State Hospital  Adiyaman Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6znur","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesibe","family":"Boyraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengi G\u00fcl","family":"T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eenol","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7372-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seher Naz","family":"Yeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(03)00104-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109458"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2019.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21151"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18574"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.11.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-326708"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17230"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Turkish version of the Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties","volume":"12","author":"Ulusoy M","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Beck depresyon envanterinin universite ogrencileri icin gecerliligi, guvenilirligi. (A reliability and validity study of Beck depression inventory in a university student sample)","volume":"7","author":"Hisli N","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.10.1535-a"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Cocukluk Cagi Ruhsal Travma \u00d6lceginin T\u00fcrkce Uyarlamasinin Gecerlilik ve G\u00fcvenilirligi\/validity and reliability of the Turkish version of childhood trauma questionnaire","volume":"32","author":"Sar V","year":"2012","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Klin Tip Bilim Derg"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90006-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","unstructured":"SayarK G\u00fcle\u00e7H AkI.Yirmi Soruluk Toronto Aleksitimi \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011finin ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi. 37. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi Kitab\u0131 2001;02\u201306 Ekim 2001 \u0130stanbul s. 130."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199611000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","unstructured":"SarV KundakciT KiziltanE BahadirB AydinerO.Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the somatoform dissociation questionnaire (SDQ\u201020). Proceeding of the International Society of Dissociation 15th international fall conference Seattle1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Psikiyatride Kullan\u0131lan Klinik \u00d6l\u00e7ekler","author":"Aydemir \u00d6","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.5640010105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","unstructured":"SarV K\u0131z\u0131ltanE Kundakc\u0131T Bak\u0131mB Yarg\u0131c\u00b8LI.(Dissosiyasyon Olceginin Gecerlilik Ve Guvenilirligi 33. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi Tam Metin Kitabi Antalya Turkiye) Validity and Safety of Dissociation Questionnaire 33rd National Psychiatry Congress FullText Booklet: Antalya\u2010Turkey; 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181d96550"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.3000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17449"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300776"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.06.010"}],"container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70242","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epd2.70242","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T10:49:03Z","timestamp":1787395743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epd2.70242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epd2.70242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epd2.70242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1294-9361","1950-6945"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1294-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"1950-6945","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}