{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:51:18Z","timestamp":1781776278812,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ictal eye closure is commonly associated with functional seizures but may also occur in epileptic seizures. We retrospectively reviewed 113 consecutive stereo\u2010EEG (SEEG) recordings from adults with drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy (2015\u20132024) to identify prolonged bilateral eye closure during seizures. Nine individuals exhibited this through 17 seizures; eight seizures arose from sleep. Inter\u2010rater reliability was good (ICC\u2009=\u20090.72). The median age was 35\u2009years, and the epilepsy duration was 25\u2009years. Eye closure started mainly at EEG onset and persisted for approximately 50% of the seizure. Consciousness was impaired in seven seizures and preserved in three. Presumed epileptogenic zones were unilateral in eight people and uncertain in one, involving various cortical and subcortical areas. Seven of them were offered surgical resection or laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). Ictal eye closure showed no clear localizing or lateralizing value, likely due to widespread network involvement. It may reflect disruption of sensory, executive, or arousal systems. SEEG spatial sampling limitations could have affected the detection of involved areas. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify its clinical significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:15:45Z","timestamp":1776093345000},"page":"868-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral ictal eye closure in focal epileptic seizures:\n                    <scp>SEEG<\/scp>\n                    retrospective observational assessment from a tertiary epilepsy center"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  London UK"},{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)  Heemstede Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Pourlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana F. A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3849-4168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Giampiccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Torzillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair Javaid","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6041-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josemir W.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  London UK"},{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)  Heemstede Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmida","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical &amp; Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000218160.31537.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.3.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2021.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2022.107015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0811-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-315732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15357597211029507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.03.021"}],"container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epd2.70246","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epd2.70246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:53:13Z","timestamp":1781772793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epd2.70246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epd2.70246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epd2.70246","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1294-9361","1950-6945"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1294-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"1950-6945","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}