{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:12:44Z","timestamp":1780377164623,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epileptic Disorders"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug\u2010resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately one\u2010third of patients with epilepsy and is associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may influence neuronal excitability and neuroinflammatory pathways, potentially impacting seizure control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation and baseline vitamin D status on seizure frequency, biochemical outcomes, and quality of life in patients with drug\u2010resistant epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception through March 2026. Eligible studies assessed vitamin D supplementation or serum vitamin D levels in DRE patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven studies were included, with four studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009183) contributing to the meta\u2010analysis of supplementation outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in seizure frequency (mean difference [MD]\u2009=\u2009\u22128.31 seizures\/month, 95% CI [\u221213.38, \u22123.25],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001) and a significant increase in serum vitamin D levels (MD\u2009=\u200918.4\u2009nmol\/L, 95% CI [4.26, 32.54],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01). No significant difference in baseline vitamin D levels was observed between drug\u2010resistant and drug\u2010responsive epilepsy (MD\u2009=\u2009.79\u2009nmol\/L, 95% CI [\u2212.31, 1.89],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.16). Qualitative findings suggested potential improvements in quality of life and fatigue with long\u2010term supplementation, although short\u2010term effects and neuroinflammatory marker changes were inconsistent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D supplementation is a safe adjunctive therapy that may reduce seizure frequency in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy, though further large\u2010scale trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and define optimal use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:59:56Z","timestamp":1780376396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of vitamin D supplementation and status on seizure frequency and quality of life in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1115-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassel","family":"Alrabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0379-0249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan I.","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Bandak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamen","family":"Refai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Alrabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Alomari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1734\u20101140(13)71003\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010025\u201004331\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.120.019539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1080S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.117.015578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1070808","article-title":"Global 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and inflammatory biomarkers in pediatric drug\u2010resistant epilepsy: Interplay between GDNF, IL\u20101\u03b2 and vitamin D 25\u2010OH","volume":"4","author":"Saing JH","year":"2024","journal-title":"Narra J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010024\u201004968\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e12877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46120807"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1650909","article-title":"Advances in understanding the role of inflammatory factors and immune cells in the pathology of epilepsy, mediated by neuroimmune 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