{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:22:05Z","timestamp":1793316125799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DN. 1553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify risk factors and develop a predictive scoring system for autoimmune\u2010associated epilepsy in subjects with autoimmune encephalitis presenting with new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, multicenter, cohort study included subjects who presented with NORSE at the onset of autoimmune encephalitis and had at least 24\u2009months of follow\u2010up after immunotherapy. The outcome was the development of autoimmune\u2010associated epilepsy, defined as persistent seizures despite adequate immunotherapy and absence of active inflammation. Factors independently associated with the outcome were identified through a backward stepwise selection. Adjusted regression coefficients of each independent predictor were transformed to produce a points\u2010based risk\u2010scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy participants were included (median age\u2009=\u200924.2\u2009years, 38.6% male). During a median follow\u2010up of 53\u2009months, 54.3% of subjects developed autoimmune\u2010associated epilepsy. Status epilepticus duration \u2265\u200910\u2009days (odds ratio [OR] =\u200931.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] =\u20092.12\u2013456.87,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.012), positivity for antibodies against surface antigens (OR = .12, 95% CI = .02\u2013.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.034), bitemporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis during acute stage (OR\u2009=\u200949.80, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.95\u2013841.77,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.007), and interictal epileptiform discharges during electroencephalographic (EEG) follow\u2010up (OR\u2009=\u200971.32, 95% CI\u2009=\u20096.48\u2013785.32,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) were independently associated with the study outcome. The duration\u2013antibodies\u2013MRI\u2013EEG (DAME) score was developed as an integer\u2010based scoring system predictive of autoimmune\u2010associated epilepsy. With an optimal cutoff of \u22653 points, it yielded a sensitivity of 86.8%, a specificity of 87.5%, and an overall accuracy of 87.1%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DAME score could serve as a user\u2010friendly score to predict the risk of autoimmune\u2010associated epilepsy in patients with NORSE due to autoimmune encephalitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:53:27Z","timestamp":1767110007000},"page":"1792-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predicting epilepsy after new onset refractory status epilepticus due to autoimmune encephalitis: The\u00a0\n                    <scp>DAME<\/scp>\n                    \u00a0score"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Lattanzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Polytechnic University of Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4403-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Matricardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Chieti  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Vogrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Neurology, Department of Head\u2010Neck and Neuroscience Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Pauletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology, Department of Head\u2010Neck and Neuroscience Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6395-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Nosadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Neuroimmunology Group Pediatric Research Institute \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0012-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Neuroimmunology Group Pediatric Research Institute \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5667-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9540-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Meletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Metabolic Sciences and Neurosciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Reggio Emilia Italy"},{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit and Epilepsy Center, Neuroscience Department Modena AOU  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1109-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bisulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Freri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neuroscience Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Felicia","family":"Operto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro 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University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3892-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Neurology, Neuroscience Department Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7177-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Cesaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit Children's Hospital \u201cG. 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