{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:05:09Z","timestamp":1790107509562,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the long\u2010term cognitive and memory outcomes in patients with drug\u2010resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) treated with continuous hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip\u2010DBS), particularly in individuals not eligible for resective surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine patients (5 female; mean age 37\u2009years) with drug\u2010resistant TLE underwent unilateral or bilateral Hip\u2010DBS via an occipital trajectory. Patients were selected based on bilateral independent seizure onsets, absence of resectable lesions, or high cognitive functioning. All patients underwent comprehensive pre\u2010 and post\u2010operative neuropsychological assessments, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)\/Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY), Wechsler Memory Scale, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Follow\u2010up ranged from 24 to 121\u2009months (mean: 68\u2009months). Continuous bipolar stimulation was delivered using anterior hippocampal contacts as cathodes and posterior contacts as anodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients demonstrated significant seizure reduction; four were seizure\u2010free and five were responders (&gt;80% reduction). No morbidity or mortality occurred. Cognitive outcomes remained stable across the cohort. No significant post\u2010operative decline was observed in full\u2010scale, verbal, or performance IQ or memory performance, regardless of unilateral or bilateral stimulation. One patient, with pre\u2010existing major depression, exhibited cognitive decline and reduced memory scores. However, this was attributed to psychiatric deterioration rather than stimulation effects. Her symptoms stabilized following psychiatric treatment, and DBS was reinitiated without further cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides long\u2010term evidence supporting the cognitive safety and efficacy of continuous Hip\u2010DBS in patients with refractory TLE. Both unilateral and bilateral stimulation were well tolerated, with preserved cognitive and memory function in high\u2010functioning individuals. The findings reinforce the value of Hip\u2010DBS as a non\u2010resective alternative for patients with bilateral or eloquent temporal seizure onsets. Comprehensive psychiatric evaluation and long\u2010term follow\u2010up are critical for optimizing outcomes. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to refine stimulation protocols and better characterize cognitive trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T17:14:47Z","timestamp":1770052487000},"page":"2171-2176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of continuous bipolar hippocampal deep brain stimulation on memory in patients with unilateral or bilateral refractory temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Fernanda Lacerda","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristine Mella","family":"Cukiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Vescovi","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Santiago","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Augusto","family":"Burattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Basilio","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela Spina","family":"Capitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6563-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Cukiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04554-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"962","article-title":"Memory outcome after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in children: a comparison with adults","volume":"44","author":"Helmstaedter C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"The role of the dominant 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