{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:13:38Z","timestamp":1790867618345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging adulthood (EAs; ages 19\u201329\u2009years) is a unique developmental stage marked by major psychological, social, and occupational transitions. We sought to characterize the clinical, psychosocial, and surgical features of epilepsy in emerging adulthood, considering both current age and age at epilepsy onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted cross\u2010sectional analyses in two cohorts, an adult epilepsy registry in Calgary, Canada (single tertiary center; first visits 2007\u20132024), and a multi\u2010center epilepsy surgery satisfaction cohort recruited from three Canadian centers and Gothenburg, Sweden. Age categories were &lt;19, 19\u201329, and &gt;29\u2009years. Outcomes included seizure freedom, anti\u2010seizure medications, substance use, patient\u2010reported outcomes measures, and surgical characteristics (procedure type, wait times, seizure and psychosocial outcomes, and satisfaction).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 7439 registry patients, 1724 (23%) were EAs and 1252 had EA\u2010onset epilepsy. Compared with other ages, EAs had lower 1\u2010year seizure freedom and higher depression, anxiety, disability, and substance use (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      's\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). EA\u2010onset epilepsy showed similar psychosocial burden, especially for anxiety and substance use. In 240 epilepsy surgery patients (69 EAs), EAs were less likely to undergo selective amygdalohippocampectomy (odds ratio [OR] .17, 95% confidence interval [CI] .03\u2013.94) and had higher rates of permanent complications (OR 6.01, 95% CI 1.45\u201324.94). EA also spent a greater proportion of life waiting for epilepsy surgery and reported lower post\u2010operative psychosocial satisfaction despite a seizure\u2010freedom rate similar to that for other ages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epilepsy during emerging adulthood is associated with elevated psychosocial morbidity and less seizure freedom, whereas EAs undergoing epilepsy surgery have a distinct case profile with comparable seizure freedom, more complications, and lower post\u2010operative psychosocial satisfaction. These findings highlight the distinctive impact of epilepsy during this developmental stage and underscore the need for targeted transitional care, mental\u2010health support, and timely surgical evaluation. Longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate causal mechanisms and inform targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:01:22Z","timestamp":1777381282000},"page":"3508-3522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epilepsy in emerging adulthood: Clinical, psychosocial, and surgical challenges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham A.","family":"McLeod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin B.","family":"Josephson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Calgary Comprehensive Epilepsy Program Collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Epilepsy Surgery Satisfaction Questionnaire Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107857"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199795574.013.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"The third industrial revolution: how lateral power is transforming energy, the economy, and the world","author":"Rifkin J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"The problem of the Puer Aeternus","author":"von Franz M\u2010L","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105108108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Long term conditions compendium of information","author":"Department of Health","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Investing in the health and well\u2010being of young adults","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(14)00080\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(15)00225\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109955"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5698\/1535\u20107511\u201012.4s.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12752"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.13126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2011.03292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687\u2010021\u201000356\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u20102\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20108510(90)90421\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101157.1996.tb00612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","volume-title":"National Health Interview Survey","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13651"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","unstructured":"StataCorp.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2021. Available from:https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1ae0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13769"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910\u2010020\u201001065\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025768"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102018\u2010319780"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).World Drug Report 2023. UNODC2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","unstructured":"Government of Canada.Canadian Cannabis Survey.2023Summary. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114606"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(25)00773\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24083\/apjhm.v18i3.2473"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(08)70109\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(20)30220\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2268"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi.70221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:15:34Z","timestamp":1783952134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi.70221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi.70221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi.70221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}