{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:48:16Z","timestamp":1789080496938,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA 964712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA 964712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating small noncoding RNAs represent potential biomarkers of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Recently, two transfer RNA fragments (tRFs), 5\u2032tRF Glu\u2010CTC and Gly\u2010GCC, were found to be elevated in plasma samples collected in advance of a seizure in TLE patients, suggesting they may serve as potential wet biomarkers of seizure risk or occurrence. The optimal biofluid source for tRF assay, species conservation, and whether their levels reflect specific ictal or interictal states remain uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we analyzed the longitudinal dynamics of 5\u2032tRF Glu\u2010CTC and Gly\u2010GCC in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in the pilocarpine model of TLE in rats. We sampled CSF and plasma across multiple time points during the chronic phase of TLE, while performing continuous electroencephalographic monitoring to correlate 5\u2032tRFs levels with electrophysiological activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of both 5\u2032tRFs were significantly higher in plasma but not in CSF in epileptic rats compared to controls. Plasma levels of both did not, however, correlate with seizure frequency. In contrast, 5\u2032tRF Gly\u2010GCC levels in CSF correlated with interictal spike activity, whereas plasma levels again did not show a dynamic response. Consistent with these findings, we observed higher levels of 5\u2032tRFs in plasma but not in CSF samples from human TLE patients as compared with healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that 5\u2032tRFs accumulate in the brain during interictal spike activity and accumulate in the plasma of individuals with epilepsy. 5\u2032tRFs may therefore serve as accessible, diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:55:11Z","timestamp":1776092111000},"page":"3803-3814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biofluid\u2010specific variations in circulating 5\u2032\n                    <scp>transfer RNA<\/scp>\n                    fragments during ictal and interictal states in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Soukupova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Perez","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"FutureNeuro Research Ireland Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Pareo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Birtolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Zaheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajo","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Kopfkliniken University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"K\u00f6rtv\u00e9lyessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin 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