{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:19:35Z","timestamp":1787998775428,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was undertaken to design and validate a hybrid depth electrode combining stereoelectroencephalographic (sEEG) recording and magnetic resonance\u2010guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) under real\u2010time magnetic resonance thermometry, to streamline the transition from invasive localization to focal ablation in patients with drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We engineered a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2010compatible depth probe that integrated intracerebral EEG contacts and a central optical fiber for laser delivery. The contact materials and geometry were optimized to reduce susceptibility artifacts and preserve the proton resonance frequency (PRF) thermometry. Preclinical testing included MRI artifact screening in phantoms, thermal performance testing, PRF thermometry validation against temperature sensors in phantoms and ovine brain, artifact quantification versus clinical depth electrodes, electrophysiologic signal quality assessment before\/after thermal stress, and in\u00a0vivo canine feasibility with serial MRI and histology. MRI compatibility was confirmed for a next generation contact variant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimized contact design produced small MRI artifacts and preserved PRF thermometry outside an approximately 2\u2010mm pericontact exclusion zone. Thermal testing showed localized heating with rapid postlaser decay, modulation by coolant flow, and performance comparable to that of clinical LITT applicators. In dipole\u2010phantom testing, baseline electrophysiological recordings from the new hybrid electrode were comparable to clinical depth\u2010electrode controls, whereas a previously heated hybrid electrode showed increased noise under low\u2010amplitude conditions. In\u00a0vivo, MRgLITT produced sharply demarcated lesions that scaled with the delivered energy without hemorrhage, edema, midline shift, or device damage. Histological examination revealed coagulative necrosis with a narrow perilesional zone and no carbonization at the contacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This patented hybrid sEEG\u2010laser electrode supports a \u201cdiagnose\u2013model\u2013treat\u2013verify\u201d strategy along a single stereotactic trajectory, enabling sEEG confirmation followed by MRgLITT without a second stereotactic implantation in selected patients. These data support progression to first\u2010in\u2010human evaluation and integration into epilepsy surgery workflows, particularly for MRI\u2010negative focal epilepsies, where minimally invasive strategies are favored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T16:33:49Z","timestamp":1779726829000},"page":"4361-4379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and preclinical evaluation of a hybrid\n                    <scp>stereoelectroencephalographic<\/scp>\n                    \u2013laser depth electrode for magnetic resonance imaging\u2010guided interstitial thermal therapy in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Mathon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Sorbonne University, La Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2010 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, GRC 23, Brain Machine Interface, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"},{"name":"Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1127  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology Sorbonne University, La Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2010 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Galanaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Sorbonne University, La Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2010 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Sorbonne University, La Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2010 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, GRC 23, Brain Machine Interface, AP\u2010HP  Paris 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