{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:59Z","timestamp":1790675939604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2254\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2254\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epilepsy diagnosis and treatment monitoring are hindered by the episodic, heterogeneous expression of seizures and by normal\u2010appearing scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in many patients. We previously described paroxysmal slow\u2010wave events (PSWEs), brief epochs of broadband slowing detectable on EEG in people with epilepsy. In the present study, we sought to further define the clinical significance of this biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used intracerebral and epidural recordings in a paraoxon rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy, as well as long\u2010term video\u2010EEG monitoring (LTM) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing intracerebral recordings combined with scalp EEG, or with scalp EEG alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We show that PSWEs arise preferentially in temporo\u2013frontal networks, co\u2010occur with global slowing, and increase during both spontaneous and pharmacologically induced seizures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Epidurally recorded PSWEs were temporally coupled to deep temporal discharges and were bidirectionally modulated by \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic agents (increased with pentylenetetrazol and decreased with pentobarbital).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, simultaneous intracerebral recordings and scalp EEG showed that scalp PSWEs mirrored hippocampal spike\u2010and\u2010wave activity. PSWEs were more frequent during the preictal and ictal periods than during the interictal baseline, a finding confirmed in a retrospective analysis of 137 seizures from 18 patients recorded with scalp EEG alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data indicate that surface PSWEs can index remote epileptiform activity and support their use as a quantitative, noninvasive biomarker for detecting EEG\u2010silent deep foci and for pharmacodynamic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T12:50:08Z","timestamp":1781959808000},"page":"4787-4802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paroxysmal slow waves mark ictal networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0011-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent J. M.","family":"Boyer\u2010Aym\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Departments of Physiology &amp; Cell Biology, Professor Vladimir Zelman Inter\u2010Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Center Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Prager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Departments of Physiology &amp; Cell Biology, Professor Vladimir Zelman Inter\u2010Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva 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nun","family":"Caller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idit","family":"Tamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oded","family":"Shor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Whatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Center Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Nova Scotia Health 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