{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:43:00Z","timestamp":1792226580686,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This article summarizes data for 13 investigational treatments for which at least preliminary seizure outcome data in patients with epilepsy were reported at the Eighteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices held in Madrid, Spain, on May 3\u20136, 2026. The treatments reviewed include bexicaserin, a selective 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine (5\u2010HT, serotonin) type 2C (5\u2010HT\n                    <jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) receptor superagonist investigated as a treatment for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs); BMB\u2010101, a selective 5\u2010HT\n                    <jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor agonist investigated for the treatment of absence seizures and DEEs; elsunersen, an antisense oligonucleotide designed for the treatment of early\u2010onset\n                    <jats:italic>SCN2A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010DEE; EPX\u2010100 (clemizole hydrochloride), an antihistamine endowed with agonist activity at 5\u2010HT\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 5\u2010HT\n                    <jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors, repurposed as a treatment for DEEs; ES\u2010481, an antagonist of \u03b1\u2010amino\u20103\u2010hydroxy\u20105\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors containing the transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein \u03b38 (TARP\u2010\u03b38), under investigation for the treatment of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy; ETX\u2010101, a gene therapy in development for the treatment of\n                    <jats:italic>SCN1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010positive Dravet syndrome; PrevEp\u2010006 (intranasal seletracetam), a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A)\u00a0ligand under investigation as an acute seizure rescue therapy; radiprodil, a negative allosteric modulator that binds to the GluN2B subunit of the\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010aspartate (NMDA) receptor, in development for the treatment of seizures and other symptoms associated with GRIN\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder, tuberous sclerosis complex, and focal cortical dysplasia type II; RAP\u2010219, a selective negative allosteric modulator of TARP\u2010\u03b38, in development for drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy; relutrigine, a selective disease\u2010state sodium channel modulator investigated as a treatment for\n                    <jats:italic>SCN2A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010 and\n                    <jats:italic>SCN8A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010DEE; Staccato Alprazolam, a breath\u2010actuated device that delivers alprazolam to the lungs for rapid seizure termination; vormatrigine, a functionally selective sodium channel modulator in development for the treatment of focal seizures; and zorevunersen, an antisense oligonucleotide engineered to restore endogenous Nav1.1 protein expression, investigated for the treatment of Dravet syndrome. Overall, the evidence reviewed justifies expectations for improved health outcomes for the millions of children and adults with epilepsy who do not fully benefit from existing therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:12:54Z","timestamp":1784380374000},"page":"5075-5125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Progress report on new epilepsy treatments: A summary of the Eighteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (\n                    <scp>EILAT XVIII<\/scp>\n                    ).\n                    <scp>II<\/scp>\n                    . Treatments in more advanced clinical development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meir","family":"Bialer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilie","family":"Johannessen Landmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Oslo Metropolitan University, The National Centre for Epilepsy, Member of the ERN EpiCare  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias J.","family":"Koepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8703-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Perucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health) The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Perucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health) The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Bladin\u2010Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Tomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-4408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. Steve","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3015-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Wirrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_21_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18056"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_3_1","article-title":"Progress report on new epilepsy treatments: a summary of the eighteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVIII). I. Treatments in preclinical and early clinical development","author":"Bialer M","year":"2026","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18075"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18689"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c02923"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_7_1","unstructured":"VermudezSAD TopilkoT Ramos VegaM CarmeloV ZerbinattiC BastlundJF et\u00a0al.Effects of bexicaserin on neural circuits in the DBA\/1 mouse model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA (abstract). Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/effects\u2010of\u2010bexicaserin\u2010on\u2010neural\u2010circuits\u2010in\u2010the\u2010dba\u20101\u2010mouse\u2010model\u2010of\u2010sudden\u2010unexpected\u2010death\u2010in\u2010epilepsy\u2010sudep"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_8_1","unstructured":"VermudezSAD PetersM HougaardC BastlundJF.Bexicaserin selectively activates 5\u2010HT2Creceptors to modulate activity in the thalamocortical circuit relevant for absence seizures. American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA (abstract). Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/bexicaserin\u2010selectively\u2010activates\u20105\u2010ht2c\u2010receptors\u2010to\u2010modulate\u2010activity\u2010in\u2010the\u2010thalamocortical\u2010circuit\u2010relevant\u2010for\u2010absence\u2010seizures"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12580"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2373350"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_11_1","unstructured":"SrinivasNR VosslerD ChanR McLinD OrevilloC KayeR.A phase 1 study of 5\u2010HT2Csuperagonist LP352 shows robust brain penetration a strong correlation between plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics and QEEG changes reflecting receptor engagement. Annual Meeting of American College of Clinical Pharmacology (ACCP); September 10\u201312 2023 Bellevue WA. Available from:https:\/\/www.longboardpharma.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/150204368\u201005_ACCP2023\u2010Poster_L1e.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_13_1","unstructured":"ChanR SrinivasN DanksA OrevilloC McLinD KayeR.LP352 has negligible CYP or P\u2010glycoprotein interaction potential minimizing therapeutic complexity in epilepsy patients with a high burden of polypharmacy. American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting; December 1\u20135 2023; Orlando FL (abstract). Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/lp352\u2010has\u2010negligible\u2010cyp\u2010or\u2010p\u2010glycoprotein\u2010interaction\u2010potential\u2010minimizing\u2010therapeutic\u2010complexity\u2010in\u2010epilepsy\u2010patients\u2010with\u2010a\u2010high\u2010burden\u2010of\u2010polypharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_15_1","unstructured":"SrinivasNR WilliamsJ KallemRR PolegaS K\u00fcmmelA SchweinochD et\u00a0al.Bexicaserin has negligible drug\u2013drug interaction potential when co\u2010administered with antiseizure medications that are inhibitors or inducers of CYP\/UGT enzymes. American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA (abstract). Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/bexicaserin\u2010has\u2010negligible\u2010drug\u2010drug\u2010interaction\u2010potential\u2010when\u2010co\u2010administered\u2010with\u2010anti\u2010seizure\u2010medications\u2010that\u2010are\u2010inhibitors\u2010or\u2010inducers\u2010of\u2010cyp\u2010ugt\u2010enzymes"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_16_1","unstructured":"VosslerDG DlugosD RineyK KnowlesN UzT KayeR et\u00a0al.Analyses of bexicaserin for the treatment of seizures in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: response over time and responder rates in the phase 1b\/2a PACIFIC trial open\u2010label extension. American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA (abstract). Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/analyses\u2010of\u2010bexicaserin\u2010for\u2010the\u2010treatment\u2010of\u2010seizures\u2010in\u2010developmental\u2010and\u2010epileptic\u2010encephalopathies\u2010response\u2010over\u2010time\u2010and\u2010responder\u2010rates\u2010in\u2010the\u2010phase\u20101b\u20102a\u2010pacific\u2010trial\u2010open\u2010label\u2010extension"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_17_1","unstructured":"SylviaC PolegaS KnowlesN KayeR LoftH UzT.Bexicaserin for the treatment of seizures in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: interim analysis of an expanded access program for participants on treatment for up to 2\u2009years. American Epilepsy Society Congress (AES); December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA (abstract). Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/bexicaserin\u2010for\u2010the\u2010treatment\u2010of\u2010seizures\u2010in\u2010developmental\u2010and\u2010epileptic\u2010encephalopathies\u2010interim\u2010analysis\u2010of\u2010an\u2010expanded\u2010access\u2010program\u2010for\u2010participants\u2010on\u2010treatment\u2010for\u2010up\u2010to\u20102\u2010years"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_18_1","unstructured":"Lundbeck A\/S.Lundbeck's bexicaserin receives Breakthrough Therapy Designation in China for the treatment of seizures in severe rare epilepsies. Press release October 13 2025. Available from:https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news\u2010releases\/lundbecks\u2010bexicaserin\u2010receives\u2010breakthrough\u2010therapy\u2010designation\u2010in\u2010china\u2010for\u2010the\u2010treatment\u2010of\u2010seizures\u2010in\u2010severe\u2010rare\u2010epilepsies\u2010302581717.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788168001"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201500437"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3210-20.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_22_1","unstructured":"Bright Minds Biosciences.Bright Minds Biosciences announces positive topline results from Phase 2 clinical trial of BMB\u2010101 in patients with absence seizures and Developmental and Encephalopathic Epilepsies (DEE). Press release January 6 2026. Available from:https:\/\/investors.brightmindsbio.com\/node\/7931\/pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_23_1","unstructured":"VasilkevichA LoveraA DuanJ McDonaldI CollinsSD PedersenJT.5\u2010HT2Cagonism: multiple animal models supporting the efficacy in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) indications. Scientific Exhibit Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20139 2025 Atlanta GA. Full poster. Available from:https:\/\/brightmindsbio.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/3.\u20105\u2010HT2C\u2010Agonism.\u2010Multiple\u2010Animal\u2010Models\u2010Supporting\u2010the\u2010Efficacy\u2010in\u2010DEE\u2010Indications_compressed.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_24_1","unstructured":"VasilkevichA LoveraA DuanJ McDonaldI CollinsSD PedersenJT.5\u2010HT2Cagonism: efficacy in 6\u2010Hz and DBA\/2 mouse models supports utility in other epilepsy syndromes. Scientific Exhibit Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20109 2025; Atlanta GA. Available from:https:\/\/brightmindsbio.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/4.\u2010Efficacy\u2010in\u20106\u2010Hz\u2010and\u2010DBA2\u2010Mouse\u2010Models\u2010Supports\u2010Utility\u2010in\u2010Other\u2010Epilepsy\u2010Syndromes_compressed.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_25_1","unstructured":"VasilkevichA LoveraA DuanJ SmithMA McCorvyJ PedersenJT.Selective 5\u2010HT2Cagonists for the treatment of rare epileptic disorders. Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience Chicago October 5\u20139 2024. Available from:https:\/\/brightmindsbio.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/5\u2010HT2C\u2010ETSP\u2010poster\u2010final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_27_1","unstructured":"VasilkevichA DuanJ McDonaldI SourbronJ SmithMA McCorvyJ et\u00a0al.BMB\u2010101 and biased 5\u2010HT2Cagonism: a novel approach for sustained epilepsy management (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society (AES); December 6\u201310 2024; Los Angeles CA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/bmb\u2010101\u2010and\u2010biased\u20105\u2010ht2c\u2010agonism\u2010a\u2010novel\u2010approach\u2010for\u2010sustained\u2010epilepsy\u2010management"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_29_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Crosstalk between dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in the control of neuronal excitability","volume":"172","author":"Guiard BP","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_31_1","unstructured":"VasilkevichA DuanJ SmithMA PedersenJT.Phase I study to assess the safety tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending oral doses of novel 5\u2010HT2Cagonist BMB\u2010101 in fed and fasted adult healthy human volunteers (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society (AES); December 6\u201310 2024; Los Angeles CA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/phase\u2010i\u2010study\u2010to\u2010evaluate\u2010the\u2010safety\u2010tolerability\u2010and\u2010pharmacokinetics\u2010of\u2010single\u2010and\u2010multiple\u2010ascending\u2010oral\u2010doses\u2010of\u2010novel\u20105\u2010ht2c\u2010agonist\u2010bmb\u2010101\u2010in\u2010fed\u2010and\u2010fasted\u2010adult\u2010healthy\u2010human\u2010volunteers"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_34_1","unstructured":"VasilkevichA LoveraA DuanJ McDonaldI CollinsSD PedersenJT.Selective 5\u2010HT2Cagonist BMB\u2010101 in the treatment of patients with Prader\u2010Willi syndrome (PWS). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA. Full poster. Available from:https:\/\/brightmindsbio.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/8.\u2010PWS\u2010poster_compressed.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001926"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14087"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_38_1","first-page":"388","article-title":"Current challenges in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies","volume":"4","author":"Ware TL","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.809951"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_41_1","first-page":"2385","article-title":"Genetic and biophysical mechanisms of SCN2A\u2010related epileptic encephalopathies","volume":"140","author":"Wolff M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800077115"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2999"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152079"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_45_1","unstructured":"FrizzoS SparB Del RealK GuestP PatelD JacotinH et\u00a0al.Significant seizure reduction in pediatric participants with early onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy following treatment with elsunersen a novel antisense oligonucleotide: findings from the EMBRAVE study. European Epilepsy Congress; September 7\u201311 2024; Rome Italy. Abstract. Available from:https:\/\/www.ilae.org\/congresses\/15th\u2010european\u2010epilepsy\u2010congress\/section\/sectionid\/2[Oral presentation available for download fromhttps:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Frizzo_EEC2024_EMBRAVE_Talk_QRcode.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_46_1","unstructured":"WagnerM BorggraefeI WhelessJW TroedsonC HowellKB FrizzoS et\u00a0al.Clinical updates from the elsunersen emergency use program: a novel ASO for treatment of early onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2013September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal. Abstract. Available from:https:\/\/iec2025.abstractserver.com\/programme\/#\/details\/presentations\/1107[Poster Available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/P249_Petrou_IEC2025_Elsunersen\u2010Global\u2010EAP.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03656-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00162-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3410"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00464"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcz008"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_52_1","first-page":"669","article-title":"Clemizole and modulators of serotonin signaling suppress seizures in Dravet syndrome","volume":"140","author":"Griffin A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0066-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_54_1","unstructured":"FaulknerR BauerE FaulringC JeongA MasonK MathewsM et\u00a0al.A drug\u2010drug interaction study of EPX\u2010100 (clemizole hydrochloride) with clinical probe substrates for selected CYP enzymes (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society 2025 Annual Meeting. December 5\u20139 2025. Atlanta GA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/a\u2010drug\u2010drug\u2010interaction\u2010study\u2010of\u2010epx\u2010100\u2010clemizole\u2010hydrochloride\u2010with\u2010clinical\u2010probe\u2010substrates\u2010for\u2010selected\u2010cyp\u2010enzymes"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_55_1","unstructured":"RayA KohS DonnerEJ AungaroonG JeongA MathewsM et\u00a0al.EPX\u2010100 as adjunctive therapy in patients with Dravet syndrome: preliminary results from the open\u2010label extension phase of the argus study (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20109 2025. Atlanta GA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/epx\u2010100\u2010as\u2010adjunctive\u2010therapy\u2010in\u2010patients\u2010with\u2010dravet\u2010syndrome\u2010preliminary\u2010results\u2010from\u2010the\u2010open\u2010label\u2010extension\u2010phase\u2010of\u2010the\u2010argus\u2010study"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_56_1","unstructured":"RaoL MasuokaL ShatzoffM LeeH\u2010J BarabanS.EPX\u2010100 as an adjunctive therapy in Dravet syndrome: phase 1 and phase 2 randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trials (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 2\u20136 2022. Nashville TN. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/epx\u2010100\u2010as\u2010an\u2010adjunctive\u2010therapy\u2010in\u2010dravet\u2010syndrome\u2010\u2010phase\u20101\u2010and\u2010phase\u20102\u2010randomized\u2010\u2010double\u2010blind\u2010\u2010placebo\u2010controlled\u2010trials"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b00125"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001930"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.18.6.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_60_1","volume-title":"ES\u2010481: investigator brochure","author":"ES Therapeutics","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-025-00979-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3658"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17850"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.70015"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70127"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2022.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_67_1","unstructured":"RundfeldtC KleinP.Formulations comprising seletracetam and methods of use. Patent PCT\/US2025\/022416.2025Jan 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_21_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2006.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0384-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00932-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.110241"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2006.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78128"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18420"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-026-01281-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00940-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50998"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddad104"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083118-015354"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14528"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf355"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_84_1","unstructured":"GuerriniR MugliaP BaniM JansenFE MerkenschlagerA SpecchioN et\u00a0al.Multicenter study to assess the safety tolerability pharmacokinetics and effect on seizure frequency and behaviour of individually titrated doses of radiprodil in children with GRIN\u2010related disorders [abstract]. 15th European Epilepsy Congress; September 7\u201311 2024; Rome Italy. Available from:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/toc\/15281167\/2026\/67\/1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_85_1","unstructured":"MugliaP BaniM GuerriniR JansenFE MerkenschlagerA SpecchioN et\u00a0al.Honeycomb a phase 1b study to assess the effects of radiprodil an investigational GluN2B negative allosteric modulator in children with GRIN\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder with gain\u2010of\u2010function variants: top\u2010line analysis [abstract]. Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 6\u201310 2024; Los Angeles CA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/pharmacokinetics\u2010safety\u2010tolerability\u2010and\u2010effect\u2010on\u2010seizure\u2010frequency\u2010and\u2010behavior\u2010of\u2010individually\u2010titrated\u2010radiprodil\u2010doses\u2010in\u2010children\u2010with\u2010grin\u2010related\u2010disorder\u2010top\u2010line\u2010multicenter\u2010study\u2010data"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VeenmaD GuerriniR ArzimanoglouA FrenchJ ParkKL PeruccaE et\u00a0al.Design of a phase 3 multicenter study (beeline) to assess the efficacy and safety of radiprodil a targeted investigational therapy for patients with GRIN\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder [poster]. 36th International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2010September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.18690","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18690"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f3\u017awiakS BattagliaDI Aledo\u2010SerranoA Toledo\u2010ArganyM MugliaP ChinR et\u00a0al.Design and baseline characteristics of an open\u2010label multicenter phase 1b\/2a study of radiprodil in patients with focal cortical dysplasia type II or tuberous sclerosis complex [abstract]. 36th International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2010September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.18690","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18690"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14456"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109283"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_91_1","unstructured":"GreeneS CohilisM KooleM SerdonsK HerbotsM SierensK et\u00a0al.RAP\u2010219: a differentiated ASM targeting restricted brain expression of transmembrane AMPA receptor protein \u03b38 (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society December 5\u20139 2025 Atlanta GA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/rap\u2010219\u2010a\u2010differentiated\u2010asm\u2010targeting\u2010restricted\u2010brain\u2010expression\u2010of\u2010transmembrane\u2010ampa\u2010receptor\u2010protein\u2010%CE%B38"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MotleyW QuraishiI NolanN FriedmanD LandazuriP RaoV et\u00a0al.Efficacy and tolerability of RAP\u2010219 a potential first\u2010in\u2010class negative allosteric modulator of \u03b38 transmembrane AMPA receptor associated protein: impact on RNS long episodes and focal seizures (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society December 5\u20139 2025 Atlanta GA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/efficacy\u2010and\u2010tolerability\u2010of\u2010rap\u2010219\u2010a\u2010potential\u2010first\u2010in\u2010class\u2010negative\u2010allosteric\u2010modulator\u2010of\u2010%CE%B38\u2010transmembrane\u2010ampa\u2010receptor\u2010associated\u2010protein\u2010impact\u2010on\u2010rns\u2010long\u2010episodes\u2010and\u2010focal\u2010seizures","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000216447"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106302"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx054"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00104"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_96_1","article-title":"Sodium channel dysfunction in epileptic encephalopathy: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"21","author":"Takai Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17239"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17149"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JancovskiN AndersonL EckertWAIII BakerE WagleyPK MaljevicS et\u00a0al.PRAX\u2010562 is a well\u2010tolerated next generation anti\u2010seizure small molecule with broad anticonvulsant activity in multiple DEE mouse models. International Epilepsy Congress; September 2\u20136 2023; Dublin Ireland. Abstract. Available from:https:\/\/iec2023.abstractserver.com\/program\/#\/details\/presentations\/793[Full Poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IEC2023_562\u2010In\u2010Vivo_Final_QRcode.pdf]","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000202328"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_100_1","unstructured":"FrizzoS SparB Del RealK GuestP PatelD JacotinH et\u00a0al.Relutrigine demonstrates robust seizure reduction and seizure freedom in DEEs: results from the EMBOLD study. International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2013September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal. Abstract. Available from:https:\/\/iec2025.abstractserver.com\/programme\/#\/details\/presentations\/1672. [Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/P157_Gil\u2010Nagel_IEC2025_EMBOLD\u2010topline.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_101_1","unstructured":"AndersonL KahligKM SouzaM PetrouS.Preclinical findings of relutrigine a precision sodium channel modulator point to anticonvulsant potential in Dravet syndrome. Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA. Abstract available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/preclinical\u2010findings\u2010of\u2010relutrigine\u2010a\u2010functional\u2010state\u2010sodium\u2010channel\u2010modulator\u2010point\u2010to\u2010anticonvulsant\u2010potential\u2010in\u2010dravet\u2010syndrome\u2010with\u2010greater\u2010potency\u2010than\u2010fenfluramine[Full poster available fromhttps:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Anderson_AES2025_Dravet.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_102_1","unstructured":"KamireddyS FrizzoS SparB GuestP Del RealK PatelD et\u00a0al.Relutrigine demonstrates disease\u2010modifying impact in DEEs: results from the EMBOLD study. Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta GA. Abstract available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/relutrigine\u2010demonstrates\u2010sustained\u2010seizure\u2010reduction\u2010with\u2010continued\u2010exposure\u2010on\u2010top\u2010of\u2010standard\u2010of\u2010care\u2010results\u2010from\u2010the\u2010embold\u2010open\u2010label\u2010extension[Full poster available fromhttps:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Gil\u2010Nagel_AES2025_EMBOLD\u2010Topline.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01851-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PfisterB MahalingamR OldhamM PatelD JacotinH HardM et\u00a0al.PRAX\u2010562\u2010101: a phase 1 trial evaluating the safety tolerability pharmacokinetics and food effect of PRAX\u2010562 in healthy volunteers. International Epilepsy Congress; September 2\u20136 2023; Dublin Ireland. Abstract available from:https:\/\/iec2023.abstractserver.com\/program\/#\/details\/presentations\/796[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IEC2023_562\u2010101_Final_QRcode.pdf]","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000203113"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PfisterB MahalingamR OldhamM PuryearC BansalP SriramB et\u00a0al.PRAX\u2010562\u2010102: a phase 1 trial evaluating the safety tolerability pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PRAX\u2010562 in healthy volunteers. International Epilepsy Congress; September 2\u20136 2023; Dublin Ireland. Abstract available from:https:\/\/iec2023.abstractserver.com\/program\/#\/details\/presentations\/797[Full poster available fromhttps:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/IEC2023_562\u2010102_Final_QRcode.pdf]","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000203090"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2014.0691","article-title":"Treating acute seizures with benzodiazepines: does seizure duration matter?","volume":"16","author":"Naylor DE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20243"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_108_1","unstructured":"Viatris Specialty LLC.XANAX (alprazolam) US prescribing information. (last updated January 13 2023). Available from:https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/018276s059lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17901"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2026.102411"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10907-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(95)02147-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2020.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_116_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Nonclinical safety evaluation of reformulated drug products and products intended for administration by an alternate route. Guidance for industry and review staff. October 2015. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/72246\/download."},{"key":"e_1_2_21_117_1","unstructured":"DanielsT GoldwaterR FordA KramerH KingA ChanteuxH.Inhalation as an efficient delivery route of alprazolam for the treatment of acute seizures: randomized study of Staccato\u00ae alprazolam relative to oral alprazolam. 78th Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society December 6\u201010 2024 Los Angeles CA. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/inhalation\u2010as\u2010an\u2010efficient\u2010delivery\u2010route\u2010of\u2010alprazolam\u2010for\u2010the\u2010treatment\u2010of\u2010acute\u2010seizures\u2010randomized\u2010study\u2010of\u2010staccato\u2010alprazolam\u2010relative\u2010to\u2010oral\u2010alprazolam"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2017-0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-025-01213-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18643"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16279"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17441"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108517"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KahligKM ChapmanM PetrouS.PRAX\u2010628: a novel sodium channel blocker with greater potency and activity dependence compared to standard of care. Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology; April 22\u201327 2023; Boston Massachusetts. Abstract available from:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000203120. [Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Kahlig_AAN2023_628\u2010In\u2010Vitro_Final_Approved.pdf]","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000203120"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_125_1","unstructured":"AndersonL KahligKM PetrouS.Vormatrigine is a next generation functionally selective small molecule with potent anti\u2010seizure activity and potential as best\u2010in\u2010class treatment for focal epilepsy. Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 1\u20135 2023; Orlando FL. Abstract available from:https:\/\/www.aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/vormatrigine\u2010is\u2010a\u2010next\u2010generation\u2010functionally\u2010selective\u2010small\u2010molecule\u2010with\u2010potent\u2010anti\u2010seizure\u2010activity\u2010and\u2010potential\u2010as\u2010best\u2010in\u2010class\u2010treatment\u2010for\u2010focal\u2010epilepsy[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kahlig_AES2023_628\u2010In\u2010Vivo_Poster_Final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_126_1","unstructured":"HansenK PatelD WehrA HardM FrizzoS PetrouS et\u00a0al.Safety tolerability and pharmacokinetic findings from a first\u2010in\u2010human randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trial of single and multiple ascending doses of vormatrigine in healthy participants. International Epilepsy Congress; September 2\u20136 2023; Dublin Ireland. Abstract available from:https:\/\/iec2023.abstractserver.com\/program\/#\/details\/presentations\/1625[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IEC2023_628\u2010SAD\u2010MAD.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_127_1","unstructured":"HansenK ChappellJ TangM LiuL PatelD JacotinH et\u00a0al.Pharmacokinetics tolerability and cardiac safety for prax\u2010628 a precision medicine therapeutic set to initiate registration enabling studies for focal onset seizures. European Epilepsy Congress; September 7\u201311 2024; Rome Italy. Abstract available from:https:\/\/eec2024.abstractserver.com\/program\/#\/details\/presentations\/1632[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Hansen_EEC2024_628\u2010PK_2_QRcode.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_128_1","unstructured":"AndersonL KahligK SouzaM PetrouS.Vormatrigine demonstrates potent antiseizure activity across three acute models with highest predictive validity for focal onset seizures. International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2013September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal. Abstract available from:https:\/\/iec2025.abstractserver.com\/programme\/#\/details\/presentations\/1101[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/P202_Kahlig_IEC2025_628\u2010Audiogenic.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_129_1","unstructured":"HansenK MohsenB EpsteinN HernandezM SniecinskiM CriminK et\u00a0al.Vormatrigine rapidly reduces seizures in adults with treatment\u2010resistant epilepsy: results from the radiant open label phase 2 study. International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2013September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal. Abstract available from:https:\/\/iec2025.abstractserver.com\/programme\/#\/details\/presentations\/1104[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/P196_Hansen_IEC2025_RADIANT\u2010topline.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_130_1","unstructured":"HansenK MohsenB EpsteinN HernandezM SniecinskiM CriminK et\u00a0al.Vormatrigine rapidly reduces seizures in adults with treatment\u2010resistant epilepsy: results from the radiant study. Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta Georgia. Abstract available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/vormatrigine\u2010rapidly\u2010reduces\u2010seizures\u2010in\u2010adults\u2010with\u2010treatment\u2010resistant\u2010epilepsy\u2010results\u2010from\u2010the\u2010radiant\u2010study[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hansen_AES2025_RADIANT\u2010Update_FINAL.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_131_1","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration. Application number: 212839Orig1s000 Nonclinical Review. November 20 2019. Available from:https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2019\/212839Orig1s000PharmR.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_132_1","unstructured":"HansenK FrizzoS JacotinH PatelD EpsteinN PatelA et\u00a0al.Updates from the first\u2010in\u2010human phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety tolerability pharmacokinetics and food effect of vormatrigine in healthy participants. International Epilepsy Congress; August 30\u2013September 3 2025; Lisbon Portugal. Abstract available from:https:\/\/iec2025.abstractserver.com\/programme\/#\/details\/presentations\/1102[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/P248_Petrou_IEC2025_PRAX\u2010628\u2010Ph1\u2010Update.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_133_1","unstructured":"PatelA EpsteinN HansenK FrizzoS JacotinH PatelD et\u00a0al.Vormatrigine exhibits a favorable drug\u2010drug interaction profile supporting broad combination use with antiseizure medications. Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society; December 5\u20139 2025; Atlanta Georgia. Abstract available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/vormatrigine\u2010exhibits\u2010a\u2010favorable\u2010drug\u2010drug\u2010interaction\u2010profile\u2010supporting\u2010broad\u2010combination\u2010use\u2010with\u2010antiseizure\u2010medications[Full poster available from:https:\/\/praxismedicines.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Epstein_AES2025_Vorma\u2010DDI.pdf]"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17376"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz6100"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17093-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_137_1","unstructured":"MeenaM MohapatraS CuiY TichoB BarriereO ManonA et\u00a0al.Utilization of a pharmacokinetic (PK) model for STK\u2010001 in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) to support selection of dosing regimens in clinic (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society December 1\u20135 2023 Orlando FL. Available from:https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/utilization\u2010of\u2010a\u2010pharmacokinetic\u2010pk\u2010model\u2010for\u2010stk\u2010001\u2010in\u2010patients\u2010with\u2010dravet\u2010syndrome\u2010ds\u2010to\u2010support\u2010the\u2010selection\u2010of\u2010dosing\u2010regimens\u2010in\u2010clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2506295"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CrossJH BrunklausA DesurkarA LauxL PerryMS SullivanJ et\u00a0al.Zorevunersen continues to demonstrate potential as a disease\u2010modifying therapy in long\u2010term open\u2010label extension studies of patients with Dravet syndrome (abstract). Annual Conference of the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA) 2026; January 28\u201330 2026; Glasgow UK.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.70117","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70117"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214388"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BrunklausA SullivanJ KnuppK AuvinS SpecchioN KaindlAM et\u00a0al.EMPEROR phase 3 study design: evaluation of zorevunersen as a potential disease\u2010modifying therapy for Dravet syndrome (abstract). Annual Conference of the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA) 2026; January 28\u201330 2026; Glasgow Scotland UK.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.70118","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70118"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-025-01453-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2026.2638746"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2731-5130"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107961"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70065"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.110970"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01123-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12526"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01133-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_151_1","article-title":"Patient\u2010advocate\u2010led global coalition adapting fit\u2010for\u2010purpose outcomes measures to assure meaningful inclusion of DEEs in clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Hecker J","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Rare Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18265"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001256"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_154_1","article-title":"Potential for therapeutic alteration of the underlying biology of epilepsy","volume":"13","author":"Sperling MR","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100093"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17373"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16725"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16726"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00981-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2580-1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2025.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001456"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100479"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70346","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi.70346","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70346","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:28:17Z","timestamp":1792225697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi.70346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi.70346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi.70346","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}