{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:59Z","timestamp":1790675939634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was undertaken to examine acute and chronic electroencephalographic (EEG) and seizure characteristics in new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter inpatient and follow\u2010up clinical and EEG data were analyzed using International League Against Epilepsy definitions and American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) EEG terminology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010four patients were included from the Yale NORSE\/FIRES Biorepository (median age\u2009=\u200929\u2009years, 33 female, 38 cryptogenic). Nine hundred twenty inpatient EEG days were reviewed (median\u2009=\u200913.5\u2009days\/patient). Presenting status epilepticus (SE) types included 24 convulsive SE (CSE), five focal\u2013motor (FMSE), and 15 nonconvulsive (NCSE). Of 39 patients with post discharge follow\u2010up (median\u2009=\u200914.7\u2009months), 61.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200924) had seizures and required more antiseizure medications than seizure\u2010free patients (median\u2009=\u20094 vs. 1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Inpatient EEG captured epileptiform discharges in all and periodic discharges in 38 patients. Seizures were captured in 38 patients: 33 electrographic (11 only electrographic) and 27 electroclinical. Total seizure burden ranged 6.5\u201329 615.0\u2009min (median\u2009=\u200950.7). Seizures fulfilling ACNS EEG criteria for SE were captured in 20 patients; two had CSE and the remainder NCSE with coma, nine of whom also had FMSE. Inpatient seizure days (median\u2009=\u200950.0 vs. 15.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004) and seizure burden (median\u2009=\u200942.9 vs. 0\u2009min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.009) were higher in the first half of monitored days. Interictal findings were equally present and did not predict postdischarge seizures, whereas electroclinical seizures (90.9% vs. 45.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.037), seizure burden (median\u2009=\u2009116.8 vs. 32.5\u2009min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.045), and proportion of seizure days (36.3% vs. 20.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.037) did. Among 12 patients with follow\u2010up EEGs (median\u2009=\u200919.6\u2009months post onset), posterior\u2010dominant rhythm (PDR) returned in nine; five had periodic discharges, and three had seizure captured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seizures are most commonly convulsive upon presentation and nonconvulsive or clinically subtle throughout the inpatient course in NORSE. Inpatient seizures, but not interictal abnormalities, occur earlier in the inpatient course and presence of electroclinical seizures, seizure burden, and proportion of seizure days but not interictal findings are associated with postdischarge seizures. Although return of PDR reflects neurological recovery, seizure persistence and EEG abnormalities post\u2010NORSE are common.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:59:33Z","timestamp":1782467973000},"page":"4857-4869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>Acute and Long\u2010Term EEG<\/scp>\n                    and seizure characteristics in new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1301-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kia","family":"Gilani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5912-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Hanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Institut du Cerveau\u2010Paris Brain Institute\u2010ICM, Institut National de de la Sant\u00e9 et de Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP), H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, DMU BioGeMH, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2013Charles Foix University Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gaspard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles\u2010H\u00f4pital Erasme, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4783-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayush","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laken","family":"Behrndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic in Florida  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Demeret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Intensive Care Unit AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krista","family":"Eschbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5418-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3062-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Gerard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teneille E.","family":"Gofton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital London Health Sciences Center Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret T.","family":"Gopaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7118-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiba A.","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Hantus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Cobos\u2010Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8706-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Jongeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology NYU Brooklyn  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-7312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padmaja","family":"Kandula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karnig","family":"Kazazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital London Health Sciences Center Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Kellogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8717-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Farias\u2010Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaela","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0077-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Institut du Cerveau\u2010Paris Brain Institute\u2010ICM, Institut National de de la Sant\u00e9 et de Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP), H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, European Reference Network EpiCARE AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cederic M.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Steriade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology NYU Langone Medical Center  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute New York University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron F.","family":"Struck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4848-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Taraschenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-7462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark S.","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7242-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yeoun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001940"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2023.1081757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199512040-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010025\u201002227\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","unstructured":"Erratum in: Neurocrit Care. 2025 Aug;43(1):361.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028\u2010025\u201002266\u20105."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010020\u201000944\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101157.1999.tb02069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182735cd7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101157.1999.tb00876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18\u201020\u201008382.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20104642(17)30174\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101157.2000.tb01521.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000162954.76053.d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199512040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010024\u201004858\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17600"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi.70349","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:18:29Z","timestamp":1790673509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi.70349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi.70349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi.70349","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}