{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:04Z","timestamp":1790675884149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001030","name":"National Heart Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FLF105666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FLF105666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025520","name":"Medical Research Future Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRF2016012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF2016012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preclinical and human studies suggest that ictal and interictal modulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems contributes to cardiovascular changes that may induce sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. We therefore investigated the effects of convulsive seizures on cardiovascular and autonomic function in nonanesthetized sheep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult female sheep were instrumented to record arterial pressure, heart rate, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and either cardiac output or cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Arterial blood samples were collected to assess blood biochemistry. Seizures were induced in nonanesthetized sheep by intravenous infusion of the proconvulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 5.0\u2009mg\/kg\/min for 4\u2009min).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PTZ induced consistent generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizures associated with abnormal activity on electroencephalogram. Convulsive seizures increased mean arterial pressure (79.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009mmHg to 128.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u2009mmHg,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and cardiac output (4.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009.2 to 7.9\u2009\u00b1\u2009.5\u2009L\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) at 10\u2009min postseizure; these remained significantly above baseline for 60\u2009min (both\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912). Heart rate variability decreased (4826.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009766.6 to 210.9\u2009\u00b1\u200997.7\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0155) at 10\u2009min and corrected QT interval increased (399\u2009\u00b1\u20099.1 to 449.7\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003) at 30\u2009min postictally. Seizures increased cardiac SNA (682\u2009\u00b1\u200986 to 7558\u2009\u00b1\u20093955 spikes\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.007), whereas renal SNA decreased (4296\u2009\u00b1\u2009784 to 1139\u2009\u00b1\u2009284 spikes\/min (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.047). Seizures decreased blood potassium (3.9\u2009\u00b1\u2009.1 to 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u2009.1\u2009mmol\u00b7L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0268) and increased lactate (.68\u2009\u00b1\u2009.05 to 12.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.39\u2009mmol\u00b7L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seizures induced by PTZ in nonanesthetized sheep caused autonomic and cardiovascular disturbances, including postictal tachycardia and arrhythmias, which may contribute to an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:24:37Z","timestamp":1783164277000},"page":"4993-5005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered autonomic balance drives the increase in cardiac output and arterial pressure during convulsive seizures in nonanesthetized sheep"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ruslan V.","family":"Pustovit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Critical Care Unit and Epilepsy Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yugeesh R.","family":"Lankadeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Critical Care Unit and Epilepsy Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne  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