{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:11:33Z","timestamp":1790604693028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG074355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG074355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n With the expected demographic shift toward those \u226565\u2009years of age in the United States, late onset epilepsy (LOE) poses a significant public health issue, yet it has been historically understudied. We are undertaking an effort in the Epilepsy\u2010Cog study to pool individual participant data from six United States\u2010based prospective cohort studies. In this paper, we outline the process for ascertaining epilepsy, harmonizing, and pooling individual participant data across the six cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The Epilepsy\u2010Cog study includes individual participant data from six United States\u2010based longitudinal cohort studies: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke, and Washington Heights\/Inwood Columbia Aging Project. In all cohorts except NOMAS, prevalent and incident epilepsy were ascertained using Medicare claims\u2010based algorithms. In NOMAS, epilepsy cases were identified through cohort\u2010based reporting and medical record review. To perform cross\u2010cohort harmonization of variables, we used the lowest common denominator approach, assigning response categories or value levels in common across all cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n From a total of 68\u2009544 participants across six cohorts, 43\u2009753 participants met eligibility criteria for Epilepsy\u2010Cog. Among them, we identified 551 (1.3%) participants with prevalent epilepsy and 1500 (3.4%) participants with incident epilepsy. We have harmonized demographic characteristics, health behaviors, vascular risk factors (VRFs), one genetic variable, medication use, subjective health status measures, incident events, and cause\u2010of\u2010death variables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Significance<\/jats:title>\n The Epilepsy\u2010Cog pooled cohort of 43\u2009753 participants with and without epilepsy, combined with harmonized demographic, VRF, and event data, offers a unique resource to yield new insights into LOE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:48:17Z","timestamp":1783007297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Epilepsy\u2010Cog study: Methods to establish a harmonized study of late onset epilepsy in a metacohort of six population\u2010based cohorts in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunmi","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2175-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University New York New York 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