{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:12Z","timestamp":1790675892510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is difficult to recognize in the emergency department (ED), where onset is often unknown and treatment may be delayed. To what extent treatment timing and dose adequacy are associated with outcome in NCSE remains debated. In this single\u2010center electroencephalography (EEG)\u2013based study, adults with NCSE diagnosed in the ED were included. Timing was measured using ED arrival as a temporal anchor. Outcomes were failure to return to baseline at discharge and in\u2010hospital mortality. Among 74 patients (mean age 66.8), 38 (51.4%) failed to return to baseline and 14 (18.9%) died. ED benzodiazepines (BDZs) were administered in 43 patients (58.1%) and anti\u2010seizure medications (ASMs) in 71 (95.9%). Median times to BDZ and ASM administration were 184 and 223\u2009min, respectively. After adjustment for Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS), potentially fatal etiology, and premorbid modified Rankin Scale score, time to ASM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11 per hour; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01\u20131.22;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.037) and ASM underdosing (OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.10\u201310.68;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.034) were independently associated with failure to return to baseline, with time to BDZ showing a non\u2010significant trend. BDZ underdosing was not associated with functional outcome, and no treatment variable was associated with mortality. These findings support early EEG\u2010based recognition and rapid, adequately dosed ASM treatment as key targets in ED\u2010NCSE management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:17:44Z","timestamp":1784996264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergency treatment delay and underdosing are associated with poor outcome in non\u2010convulsive status epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Misirocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ballabeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Frapporti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Borgna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Zinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Meletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Florindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology University Hospital of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2023.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.1512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-014-0080-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1681483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17753"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.13004"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70414","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi.70414","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi.70414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:18:22Z","timestamp":1790673502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi.70414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi.70414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi.70414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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