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We hypothesized that the phenotype of GGE patients differs based on their GGE PRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified participants with highest (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200959) versus lowest (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948) PRS from the GGE patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092256) recruited through the Epi25 Collaborative for comparison. Detailed clinical data were acquired retrospectively for the 59 high PRS and 48 low PRS individuals with GGE from the Epi25 database and from the contributing centers. For validation, we accessed a larger cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091175) of patients with GGE included in the Epi25 Collaborative.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study found no difference in phenotypic features of patients between the high\u2010PRS GGE and low\u2010PRS GGE subgroups, including age at onset, family history, and specific GGE syndrome. However, more patients from the lowest compared to the highest PRS subgroup were pharmacoresistant (31.7% vs. 8.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01). On validation in a larger cohort, the PRS did not differ in the group of pharmacoresistant compared to nonpharmacoresistant patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No meaningful association between PRS and age at onset, history of febrile seizures, pre\u2010\/perinatal complications, epilepsy syndromes, seizure types, co\u2010occurrence of functional\/dissociative (nonepileptic) seizures, psychiatric comorbidities, electroencephalographic\/magnetic resonance imaging findings, or drug response could be demonstrated in this study of people with GGE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T16:16:48Z","timestamp":1787415408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation of polygenic risk score and clinical phenotype in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8740-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"von Brauchitsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main, Department of Neurology University Medical Center and Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"},{"name":"Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main, Department of Neurology University Medical Center and Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3529-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin A.","family":"Karge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby","family":"Koeleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4580-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel F.","family":"Berkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Centre University of Melbourne, Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Genetic Epilepsy Program, Division of Neurology Krembil Brain Institute, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1109-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bisulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7384-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Guerrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid E.","family":"Scheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Centre University of Melbourne, Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8486-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Helbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig\u2010Holstein, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia 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Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Cologne Center of Genomics University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costin","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy Institute for Neurology, University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Reif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main, Department of Neurology University Medical Center and Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"},{"name":"Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1460-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Wolking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main, Department of Neurology University Medical Center and Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt 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