{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:50:42Z","timestamp":1791820242008,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201010\u2010IAHU\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201010\u2010IAHU\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201023\u2010RHUS\u20100002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201023\u2010RHUS\u20100002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep disorders are frequent but undercharacterized comorbidities in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We aimed to estimate the frequency, spectrum, and burden of sleep disturbances across genetic DEE subtypes using real\u2010world data extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) through natural language processing (NLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Dr. Warehouse, an NLP\u2010enabled clinical data warehouse, at a tertiary pediatric center. Data were extracted from January to April 2025. Patients with a group of defined DEEs were identified from narrative clinical notes and matched 1:2 with pediatric neurology patients without history of epilepsy by age, follow\u2010up duration, and document volume. Predefined sleep\u2010related terms were extracted from free\u2010text reports. The proportion of patients with \u22651 documented mention during follow\u2010up was used to estimate occurrence, alongside multivariable logistic regression analyses and a cumulative sleep burden score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The final cohort included 884 patients with DEE and 1280 matched controls. At least one sleep\u2010related disturbance was documented in 63.7% of DEE patients, significantly higher than in controls. The most frequent terms were \u201csleep disorder,\u201d \u201cnocturnal seizures,\u201d and \u201cnight awakenings.\u201d Marked heterogeneity emerged across DEE subtypes;\n                      <jats:italic>SYNGAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010DEE showed the highest frequency of sleep disorders, Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome was strongly associated with nocturnal seizures, and\n                      <jats:italic>KCNT1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010 and\n                      <jats:italic>PCDH19<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010DEE were more frequently associated with sleep apnea. DEE patients also exhibited a significantly higher cumulative burden of sleep disturbances compared with controls, with Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome showing the greatest burden.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NLP\u2010based mining of unstructured EHR data enables large\u2010scale characterization of sleep disorders in DEEs, revealing DEE subtype\u2010specific sleep phenotypes. Routine and etiology\u2010informed assessment of sleep disturbances should be integrated into the clinical management of DEEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi.70485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:32:26Z","timestamp":1791819146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterizing sleep disturbances in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies through natural language processing: A retrospective monocentric study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3103-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso Lo","family":"Barco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance publique h\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP), member of European Reference Network EpiCARE Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Douillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Platform, Institut Imagine, French Medical Research Institute (INSERM) UMR 1163 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Chemaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance publique h\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP), member of European Reference Network EpiCARE Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Institut Imagine, French Medical Research Institute (INSERM) UMR 1163 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1376-4101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Platform, Institut Imagine, French Medical Research Institute (INSERM) UMR 1163 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4987-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"D'onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance publique h\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP), member of European Reference Network EpiCARE Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Institut Imagine, French Medical Research Institute (INSERM) UMR 1163 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Garcelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Platform, Institut Imagine, French Medical Research Institute (INSERM) UMR 1163 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7378-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Platform, Institut Imagine, French Medical Research Institute (INSERM) UMR 1163 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota 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