{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1777381221935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2012 Research Grant in Cerebrovascular Diseases (C.B.; scientific promoter: Sociedade Portuguesa do AVC;\u00a0sponsor: Tecnifar)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seizures and electroencephalographic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG)<\/jats:styled-content> abnormalities have been associated with unfavorable stroke functional outcome. However, this association may depend on clinical and imaging stroke severity. We set out to analyze whether epileptic seizures and early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> abnormalities are predictors of stroke outcome after adjustment for age and clinical\/imaging infarct severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study was made on consecutive and previously independent acute stroke patients with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score \u2265 4 on admission and an acute anterior circulation ischemic lesion on brain imaging. All patients underwent standardized clinical and diagnostic assessment during admission and after discharge, and were followed for 12\u00a0months. Video\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> (&lt;60\u00a0min) was performed in the first 72\u00a0h. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score quantified middle cerebral artery infarct size. The outcomes in this study were an unfavorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRS<\/jats:styled-content>] \u2265 3) and death (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRS<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a06) at discharge and 12\u00a0months after stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unfavorable outcome at discharge was independently associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content> score (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> background activity slowing (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and asymmetry (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Unfavorable outcome 1 year after stroke was independently associated with age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content> score (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), remote symptomatic seizures (p\u00a0=\u00a00.046), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> background activity slowing (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and asymmetry (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Death in the first year after stroke was independently associated with age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.028), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIHSS<\/jats:styled-content> score (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), acute symptomatic seizures (p\u00a0=\u00a00.015), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> suppression (p\u00a0=\u00a00.019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute symptomatic seizures were independent predictors of vital outcome and remote symptomatic seizures of functional outcome in the first year after stroke. Therefore, their recognition and prevention strategies may be clinically relevant. Early EEG abnormalities were independent predictors and comparable to age and early clinical\/imaging infarct severity in stroke functional outcome discrimination, reflecting the concept that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> is a sensitive and robust method in the functional assessment of the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,29]],"date-time":"2017-07-29T15:02:40Z","timestamp":1501340560000},"page":"441-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Seizures, electroencephalographic abnormalities, and outcome of ischemic stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2399-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Bentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG\/Sleep Laboratory and Stroke Unit Department of 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Lisbon Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG\/Sleep Laboratory and Stroke Unit Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (Neurology) Santa Maria Hospital, North Lisbon Hospitalar Center Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG\/Sleep Laboratory and Stroke Unit Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (Neurology) Santa Maria Hospital, North Lisbon Hospitalar Center Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Canh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG\/Sleep Laboratory and Stroke Unit Department of Neurosciences and 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