{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:00:37Z","timestamp":1747148437912,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is often difficult to diagnose epilepsy syndromes in resource\u2010limited settings. This study was aimed to investigate the prospect of ascertaining the diagnosis, clinical profile, and treatment outcomes of epilepsy syndromes (ESs) among children in a resource\u2010limited setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a descriptive study done from 01\/07\/2009 to 15\/06\/2017 among children (1\u201017\u00a0years of age) with unprovoked seizures presenting to the pediatric neurology clinic of a university hospital in eastern Nepal. Diagnosis, classification, and treatment of seizures were based upon International League Against Epilepsy guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 768 children with unprovoked seizures, 120 (15.6%) were diagnosed as ES. The age of onset of seizure was unique for each ES. Developmental delay and cerebral palsy were present in 47.5% and 28.3% children, respectively. Common ESs were West syndrome (WS)\u201026.7%, generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures alone (GTCSA)\u201021.7%, self\u2010limited childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SLCECTS)\u201012.5%, childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)\u201010.0%, Lennox\u2010Gastaut syndrome (LGS)\u201010.0%, other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE)\u20105.8%, self\u2010limited familial infantile epilepsy (SLFIE)\u20104.2%, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)\u20103.3%. Among children with known outcomes (87\/120), overall response to pharmacotherapy and to monotherapy was observed in 72.4% (63\/87) and 57.5% (50\/87) children, respectively. All children with GTCSA, SLFIE, genetic epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+), CAE, SLCECTS, and JME responded to pharmacotherapy and they had normal computerized tomography scans of the brain. Seizures were largely pharmaco\u2010resistant in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME)\u2010100.0%, LGS\u201073.0%, WS\u201052.0%, and other DEEs\u201040%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>A reasonable proportion (15.6%) of unprovoked seizures could be classified into specific ES despite limited diagnostic resources. WS was the most common ES. GTCSA, SLCECTS, CAE, and LGS were other common ESs. GTCSA, SLFIE, CAE, SLCECTS, GEFS+, and JME were largely pharmaco\u2010responsive. PME, WS, and LGS were relatively pharmaco\u2010resistant. Electro\u2010clinical diagnosis of certain ES avoids the necessity of neuroimaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T15:08:48Z","timestamp":1611155328000},"page":"206-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical profile and treatment outcome of epilepsy syndromes in children: A hospital\u2010based study in Eastern Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakash","family":"Poudel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyam Prasad","family":"Kafle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing College of Nursing B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13671"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb06020.x"},{"unstructured":"Central Berau of Statistics (CBS).National Population and Housing Census 2011(National Report). Government of Nepal National Planning Commission Secretariat Kathmandu Nepal.2012.https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/demographic\/sources\/census\/wphc\/Nepal\/Nepal\u2010Census\u20102011\u2010Vol1.pdf. 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