{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:43:01Z","timestamp":1783201381907,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder primarily characterized by the development of multisystem benign tumors. Epilepsy is the most common neurologic manifestation, affecting 80%\u201090% of TSC patients. The diffuse structural brain abnormalities and the multifocal nature of epilepsy in TSC pose diagnostic challenges when evaluating patients for epilepsy surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the safety experience and efficacy outcomes of five adult TSC patients who were treated with direct brain\u2010responsive neurostimulation (RNS System, NeuroPace, Inc).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average follow\u2010up duration was 20\u00a0months. All five patients were responders (\u226550% disabling seizure reduction) at last follow\u2010up. The median reduction in disabling seizures was 58% at 1\u00a0year and 88% at last follow\u2010up. Three of the five patients experienced some period of seizure freedom ranging from 3\u00a0months to over 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this small case series, we report the first safety experience and efficacy outcomes in patients with TSC\u2010associated drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy treated with direct brain\u2010responsive neurostimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T16:26:50Z","timestamp":1614443210000},"page":"419-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Brain\u2010Responsive Neurostimulation for the treatment of adults with epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8171-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle S.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Mirro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPace, Inc. Mountain View CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Fetrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Burdette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Health System Grand Rapids MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5919-5426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2326-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Masel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7266-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia M. 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