{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:50:25Z","timestamp":1790905825692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006117","name":"Epilepsiefonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WAR19\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WAR19\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standardized investigation of epileptic seizures and the postictal state may contribute to a better understanding of ictal and postictal phenomena. This comparative case study aims to assess whether electrically induced seizures in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) show sufficient similarities with spontaneous seizures to serve as a human epilepsy model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared six EEG recordings, three ECT\u2010induced seizures and three generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures, using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) analyses. EEG recordings during and after ECT sessions (under general anesthesia and muscle paralysis) were collected prospectively, whereas epilepsy data were selected retrospectively. Time\u2010frequency representations, dominant ictal frequencies, and postictal alpha\u2010delta ratios were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all EEG recordings, a decrease in dominant ictal frequency was observed, as well as postictal suppression. Postictal alpha\u2010delta ratio indicated the same trend for all: a gradual increase from predominantly delta to alpha frequencies on timescales of hours after the seizure. Postictal spectral representation was similar. Muscle artifacts were absent in ECT\u2010induced seizures and present in spontaneous seizures. Ictal amplitude was higher in epileptic than in ECT\u2010induced seizures. Temporospectral ictal dynamics varied slightly between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that ictal and postictal characteristics in ECT and patients with generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures are essentially similar. ECT\u2010induced seizures may be used to investigate aspects of ictal and postictal states in a highly predictable manner and well\u2010controlled environment. This suggests that clinical and electrophysiological observations during ECT may be extrapolated to epilepsy with generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T14:29:35Z","timestamp":1628173775000},"page":"672-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Seizures induced in electroconvulsive therapy as a human epilepsy model: A comparative case study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8049-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia C. 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