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Inclusion criteria were monotherapy of CBZ in adequate dosage for epilepsy treatment and RCT duration of \u22653\u2009months. Outcome measures were seizure freedom rate (SFR) and RR. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses were performed to allow for comparison with other anti\u2010seizure medications (ASMs). Thirty RCTs of 734 were included. SFR at last follow\u2010up ranged from 11% at 36\u00a0months to 85% at 3\u2009months. The aggregated SFR at 6\u2009months was 58% (CI 49\u201366%) and 48% (CI 40\u201357%) at 12\u00a0months. The 6\u2010month SFR among blinded studies was 55% (CI 43\u201366%), compared with 61% (CI 50\u201371%) in unblinded studies. The 12\u2010month SFR was not significantly linked to the age of study participants. RR varied from 36% at 24\u00a0months to 81% at 6\u2009months. When adjusting for blinding, the aggregated 6\u2010month RR in blinded studies was 59% (CI 52\u201366%) vs 76% (CI 71\u201381%) in unblinded studies. The point estimates of SFR of all RCTs showed an upward time trend, with an increase of approximately 15% between the years 1981 and 2018. In conclusion, the SFR and RR of CBZ were highly variable in RCTs and especially affected by study duration and blinding. These results underscore the impact of the design of RCTs investigating ASM and may challenge the wide use of CBZ as a comparator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T15:24:05Z","timestamp":1660836245000},"page":"556-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anti\u2010seizure efficacy and retention rate of carbamazepine is highly variable in randomized controlled trials: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-6642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karmele","family":"Olaciregui\u2010Dague","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Weinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Friedrich\u2010Wilhelm University  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7136-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Friedrich\u2010Wilhelm University  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3177-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Surges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(95)90581\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(12)70105\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102011\u2010300376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2007.01128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for medicinal products for human use.Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatment of epileptic disorders Revision 2. 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