{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:31:24Z","timestamp":1790260284810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antiseizure medications (ASMs) remain the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. These ASMs have mainly been tested in trials in adults with epilepsy, which subsequently led to market authorization (MA). For treatment of \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>especially young<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013 children with epilepsy, several ASMs do not have a MA and guidelines are lacking, subsequently leading to \u201coff\u2010label\u201d use of ASMs. Even though \u201coff\u2010label\u201d ASM prescriptions for children could lead to more adverse events, it can be clinically appropriate and rational if the benefits outweigh the risks. This could be the case if \u201con\u2010label\u201d ASM, in mono\u2010 or polytherapy, fails to achieve adequate seizure control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Medical Therapies Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission for Pediatrics performed a survey to study the current treatment practices in six classic, early life epilepsy scenarios. Our aim was not only to study first\u2010 and second\u2010line treatment preferences but also to illustrate the use of \u201coff\u2010label\u201d drugs in childhood epilepsies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results reveal that several ASMs (e.g. topiramate, oxcarbazepine, benzodiazepines) are prescribed \u201coff\u2010label\u201d in distinct scenarios of young children with epilepsy. In addition, recent scientific guidelines were not always adopted by several survey respondents, suggesting a potential knowledge gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the relatively common use of \u201coff\u2010label\u201d prescriptions that underlines the need for targeted and appropriately designed clinical trials, including younger patients, which will also result in the ability to generate evidence\u2010based guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T06:05:06Z","timestamp":1666677906000},"page":"77-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Medical treatment in infants and young children with epilepsy: Off\u2010label use of antiseizure medications. 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Helen","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children  London UK"},{"name":"Programme of Developmental Neurosciences UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2905-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronit","family":"Pressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children  London UK"},{"name":"Programme of Developmental Neurosciences UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London 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