{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:42:19Z","timestamp":1786977739864,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to provide seizure etiology, semiology, underlying conditions, and out\u2010of\u2010 and in\u2010hospital diagnostics, treatment, and outcome data on children with out\u2010of\u2010 or in\u2010hospital\u2010onset status epilepticus (SE) according to the International League Against Epilepsy definition that required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for \u22654\u2009hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective national surveillance study on SE in childhood and adolescence was conducted over 2\u2009years (07\/2019\u201006\/2021).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined 481 SE episodes in 481 children with a median age of 43\u00a0months (1\u2009month to 17\u2009years 11\u00a0months), of which 46.2% were female and 50.7% had a previous seizure history. The most frequent acute SE cause was a prolonged, complicated febrile seizure (20.6%). The most common initial seizure types were generalized seizures (49.9%), focal seizures (18.0%), and unknown types (12.1%); 40.5% of patients suffered from refractory SE and 5.0% from super\u2010refractory SE. The three most common medications administered by nonmedically trained individuals were diazepam, midazolam, and antipyretics. The three most frequent anti\u2010seizure medications (ASMs) administered by the emergency physician were midazolam, diazepam, and propofol. The three most common ASMs used in the clinical setting were midazolam, levetiracetam, and phenobarbital. New ASMs administered included lacosamide, brivaracetam, perampanel, stiripentol, and eslicarbazepine. Status epilepticus terminated in 16.0% in the preclinical setting, 19.1% in the emergency department, and 58.0% in the PICU; the outcome was unknown for 6.9%. The median PICU stay length was 2 (1\u2013121) days. The median modified Rankin scale was 1 (0\u20135) on admission and 2 (0\u20136) at discharge. New neurological deficits after SE were observed in 6.2%. The mortality rate was 3.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides current real\u2010world out\u2010of\u2010 and in\u2010hospital data on pediatric SE requiring PICU admission. New ASMs are more frequently used in this population. This knowledge may help generate a more standardized approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T19:33:24Z","timestamp":1676057604000},"page":"411-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epileptic Status in a\n                    <scp>PEDiatric<\/scp>\n                    cohort (\n                    <scp>ESPED<\/scp>\n                    ) requiring intensive care treatment: A multicenter, national, two\u2010year prospective surveillance study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6016-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, and Neuropediatrics Saarland University Medical Center  Homburg Germany"},{"name":"Franz\u2010Lust Klinik f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche  Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaro","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, and Neuropediatrics Saarland University Medical Center  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Poryo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Medical Center  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes Goaliath","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, and Neuropediatrics Saarland University Medical Center  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wagenpfeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics Saarland University  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erhebungseinheit f\u00fcr Seltene P\u00e4diatrische Erkrankungen (ESPED) Heinrich\u2010Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Nunold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, and Neuropediatrics Saarland University Medical Center  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6288-9915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Strzelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery Goethe\u2010University and University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ebrahimi\u2010Fakhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics University Children's Hospital Muenster  Muenster 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