{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T19:38:57Z","timestamp":1775158737042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global neuropsychological impairments with intellectual disability (ID) seem to play a major role in the occurrence of psychogenic non\u2010epileptic seizures (PNES) in epilepsy. Conversely, the pathophysiology underlying PNES combined with epilepsy without ID remains elusive. We investigated the neuropsychiatric profile in 26 average intelligent subjects (15 women, mean age: 40.04\u2009\u00b1\u200913.53\u2009years) with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) plus PNES (TLE\u2009+\u2009PNES), compared with 28 with TLE and 22 with PNES alone, matched for age and sex. All subjects underwent neuropsychiatric assessment, including Beck Depression Inventory\u20102 (BDI\u20102), State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS\u201020), Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC), and cognitive evaluation. TLE\u2009+\u2009PNES and PNES groups shared a similar psychiatric profile with higher levels of depression (BDI\u20102, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), anxiety (STAI\u2010S, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; STAI\u2010T, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), dissociation (DES, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and alexithymia (TAS, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) scales than the TLE group. Nonetheless, like individuals with TLE, patients with TLE\u2009+\u2009PNES had a lower rate of a potentially traumatizing event than PNES. The very low rate of potentially traumatizing event in subjects with TLE\u2009+\u2009PNES leads us to hypothesize that epilepsy itself may be the psychophysiological distress that contributed to PNES. A psychopathological assessment in subjects with epilepsy is crucial to identify those more likely to develop PNES.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T14:03:02Z","timestamp":1679061782000},"page":"678-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neuropsychiatric profile in average intelligent individuals with coexisting epilepsy and psychogenic non\u2010epileptic seizures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9366-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Giugno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iolanda","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4136-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Sammarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Fratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Labate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, BIOMORF Department University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7384-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Gr\u00e6cia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro 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