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A systematic search of the literature was performed. The following databases were used: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and CrossRef. The revision was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42022336357). Forty\u2010nine patients were included. AE onset was mainly observed during the first and the second trimester of pregnancy with psychiatric manifestations and seizures as main onset symptoms. CSF analysis showed AE\u2010specific autoantibody positivity in 33 patients (anti\u2010NMDA receptor as the most frequent). EEG generally showed normal findings. MRI revealed pathological findings in less than half of patients. Tumor screening was positive in 14 cases. First\u2010line immunotherapy (single or combined) was generally employed while second line was administered in a minority of patients. Levetiracetam was the most used antiseizure medication. Cesarean section was performed in 18 women. Most of the women had an excellent early outcome after delivery but 22 showed persistent neurological deficits in long\u2010term follow\u2010up. Fetal outcome was positive in 33 cases, whereas 12 cases of fetal death were reported. A logistic regression showed that no variable significantly influenced the odds of good\/bad maternal and fetal clinical outcome. Diagnosis and treatment of AE during pregnancy is challenging. The rate of miscarriage in women with AE seems to be higher than the general population. In addition, mothers may show long\u2010term neurological deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T01:20:00Z","timestamp":1691716800000},"page":"1221-1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Autoimmune encephalitis during pregnancy: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge\u2014A systematic review with individual patients' analysis and clinical recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3575-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fedele","family":"Dono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"},{"name":"Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies, and Technology \u2013 CAST\u2010 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