{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T21:24:00Z","timestamp":1782336240850,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the association between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, also known as the nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), <jats:italic>rs41423247<\/jats:italic> polymorphism, and functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) in a case\u2013control study. We hypothesized that the tested polymorphism has significant associations with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) independent from comorbid depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks), 70 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 70 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. Their DNAs were analyzed for NR3C1 <jats:italic>rs41423247<\/jats:italic> polymorphism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genotype and allele frequencies of <jats:italic>rs41423247<\/jats:italic> were different between the three groups. G allele carriers were more frequent in patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) and those with MDD compared to HCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001). However no significant difference was observed with respect to allele distributions between functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) and MDD groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.391). CC genotype was less often associated with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) versus HC: Codominant model; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, OR\u2009=\u20090.11, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.05\u20130.24, and \u22122loglilkelihood\u2009=\u2009231.7. In comparison between functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) group and other (MDD\u2009+\u2009HC) groups, we observed a significant association between CG genotype and functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) (Codominant model; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, OR\u2009=\u20095.63, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.60\u201312.40 and \u22122loglikelihood\u2009=\u2009245.99).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) and those with MDD were significantly more often G allele carriers in <jats:italic>rs41423247<\/jats:italic> compared with HCs. We observed a significant association between CG genotype and functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks). However, we could not exclude the possibility of confounding effects of depression. Future genetic studies of patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks) should include a comparison group with depression in addition to a comparison group of HCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T09:00:19Z","timestamp":1692435619000},"page":"1425-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene (<i>rs41423247<\/i>) in functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures\/attacks)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negar","family":"Firouzabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2598-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A.","family":"Asadi\u2010Pooya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahid","family":"Alimoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Simani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Mapping Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1820-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Asadollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epilepsy, Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2887-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2022.111533"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221082520"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012541"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-020-01123-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322636"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12356"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Reliability and validity of anxiety and depression hospital scales (HADS): Iranian patients with anxiety and depression disorders","volume":"67","author":"Kaviani H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tehran Univ Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16120322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2020.104399"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v7i0.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac442"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118570"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.066"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia 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