{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:59:05Z","timestamp":1790823545192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015694","name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biallelic <jats:italic>CNTNAP2<\/jats:italic> variants have been associated with Pitt\u2010Hopkins\u2010like syndrome. We describe six novel and one previously reported patients from six independent families and review the literature including 64 patients carrying biallelic <jats:italic>CNTNAP2<\/jats:italic> variants. Initial reports highlighted intractable focal seizures and the failure of epilepsy surgery in children, but subsequent reports did not expand on this aspect. In all our patients (n\u2009=\u20097), brain MRI showed bilateral temporal gray\/white matter blurring with white matter high signal intensity, more obvious on the T2\u2010FLAIR sequences, consistent with bilateral temporal lobe dysplasia. All patients had focal seizures with temporal lobe onset and semiology, which were recorded on EEG in five, showing bilateral independent temporal onset in four. Epilepsy was responsive to anti\u2010seizure medications in two patients (2\/7, 28.5%), and pharmaco\u2010resistant in five (5\/7, 71.5%). Splice\u2010site variants identified in five patients (5\/7, 71.5%) were the most common mutational finding. Our observation expands the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of biallelic <jats:italic>CNTNAP2<\/jats:italic> alterations focusing on the neuroimaging features and provides evidence for an elective bilateral anatomoelectroclinical involvement of the temporal lobes in the associated epilepsy, with relevant implications on clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1696856322000},"page":"417-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bilateral temporal lobe dysplasia and seizure onset associated with biallelic <i>CNTNAP2<\/i> variants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4110-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman","family":"Panza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department Meyer Children's Hospital 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