{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:58:10Z","timestamp":1791910690590,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Myoclonus classically presents as a brief (10\u201350\u2009ms duration), non\u2010rhythmic jerk movement. The etiology could vary considerably ranging from self\u2010limited to chronic or even progressive disorders, the latter falling into encephalopathic pictures that need a prompt diagnosis. Beyond the etiological classification, others evaluate myoclonus' body distribution (i.e., clinical classification) or the location of the generator (i.e., neurophysiological classification); particularly, knowing the anatomical source of myoclonus gives inputs on the observable clinical patterns, such as EMG bursts duration or EEG correlate, and guides the therapeutic choices. Among all the chronic disorders, myoclonus often presents itself as a manifestation of epilepsy. In this context, myoclonus has many facets. Myoclonus occurs as one, or the only, seizure manifestation while it can also present as a peculiar type of movement disorder; moreover, its electroclinical features within specific genetically determined epileptic syndromes have seldom been investigated. In this review, following a meeting of recognized experts, we provide an up\u2010to\u2010date overview of the neurophysiology and nosology surrounding myoclonus. Through the dedicated exploration of epileptic syndromes, coupled with pragmatic guidance, we aim to furnish clinicians and researchers alike with practical advice for heightened diagnostic management and refined treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this work, we described myoclonus, a movement characterized by brief, shock\u2010like jerks. Myoclonus could be present in different diseases and its correct diagnosis helps treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T08:39:52Z","timestamp":1707467992000},"page":"486-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Myoclonus: Differential diagnosis and current management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Riva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit IRCCS Istituto \u201cGiannina Gaslini\u201d  Genoa 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