{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:11:54Z","timestamp":1785150714743,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010210","name":"Defense Human Resources Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XH\u201017\u20100619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XH\u201017\u20100619"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often precedes the onset of epileptic (ES) or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) with depression being a common comorbidity. The relationship between depression severity and quality of life (QOL) may be related to resting\u2010state network complexity. We investigated these relationships in adults with TBI\u2010only, TBI\u2009+\u2009ES, or TBI\u2009+\u2009PNES using Sample Entropy (SampEn), a measure of physiologic signals complexity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with TBI\u2010only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960), TBI\u2009+\u2009ES (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921), or TBI\u2009+\u2009PNES (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956) completed the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II (BDI\u2010II; depression symptom severity) and QOL in Epilepsy (QOLIE\u201031) assessments and underwent resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs\u2010fMRI). SampEn values derived from six resting state functional networks were calculated per participant. Effects of group, network, and group\u2010by\u2010network\u2010interactions for SampEn were investigated with a mixed\u2010effects model. We examined relationships between BDI\u2010II, QOL, and SampEn of each of the networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Groups did not differ in age, but there was a higher proportion of women with TBI\u2009+\u2009PNES (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040). TBI\u2009+\u2009ES and TBI\u2010only groups did not differ in BDI\u2010II or QOLIE\u201031 scores, while the TBI\u2009+\u2009PNES group scored worse on both measures. The fixed effects of the model revealed significant differences in SampEn values across networks (lower SampEn for the frontoparietal network compared to other networks). The likelihood ratio test for group\u2010by\u2010network\u2010interactions was significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033). BDI\u2010II was significantly negatively associated with Overall QOL scale scores in all groups, and significantly negatively associated with network SampEn values only in the TBI\u2009+\u2009PNES group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only TBI\u2009+\u2009PNES had significant relationships between depression symptom severity and network SampEn values indicating that the resting state network complexity is related to depression severity in this group but not in TBI\u2009+\u2009ES or TBI\u2010only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The brain has a complex network of internal connections. How well these connections work may be affected by TBI and seizures and may underlie mental health symptoms including depression; the worse the depression, the worse the quality of life. Our study compared brain organization in people with TBI, people with epilepsy after TBI, and people with nonepileptic seizures after TBI. Only people with nonepileptic seizures after TBI showed a relationship between how organized their brain connections were and how bad was their depression. We need to better understand these relationships to develop more impactful, effective treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T14:49:30Z","timestamp":1710946170000},"page":"969-980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Brain network entropy, depression, and quality of life in people with traumatic brain injury and seizure disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane B.","family":"Allendorfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"UAB Epilepsy Center University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Nenert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam M.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"UAB Epilepsy Center University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranav","family":"Kakulamarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA RR&amp;D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology VA Providence Healthcare System  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah S.","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA RR&amp;D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology VA Providence Healthcare System  Providence Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Brown University  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"W. 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