{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T18:06:49Z","timestamp":1788631609200,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rare and complex epilepsies encompass a diverse range of disorders characterized by seizures. We aimed to establish a consensus on key issues related to these conditions through collaboration among experienced neurologists, neuropediatricians, and patient advocacy representatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Employing a modified Delphi method, a scientific board comprising 20 physicians and 4 patient advocacy representatives synthesized existing literature with their expertise to formulate statements on contentious topics. A final 32\u2010member expert panel, representing diverse regions of Italy, validated these statements through a two\u2010round voting process, with consensus defined as an average score\u2009\u22657.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen statements reached a consensus, emphasizing the necessity for epidemiological studies to ascertain the true prevalence of rare epilepsies. Etiology emerged as a crucial factor influencing therapeutic strategies and outcome prediction, with particular concern regarding prolonged and tonic\u2013clonic seizures. The importance of early implementation of specific drugs and non\u2010pharmacological interventions in the treatment algorithm for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) was underscored. Multidisciplinary care involving experts with diverse skills was deemed essential, emphasizing non\u2010seizure outcomes in adolescence and adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This national consensus underscores the imperative for personalized, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary management of rare epilepsies\/DEEs. It advocates for increased research, particularly in epidemiology and therapeutic approaches, to inform clinical decision\u2010making and healthcare policies, ultimately enhancing patients' outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The modified Delphi method is broadly used to evaluate debated topics. In this work, we sought the consensus on integrated and social care in epilepsy management. Both representatives of high\u2010level epilepsy centers and patients' caregivers were directly involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.13020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T10:13:59Z","timestamp":1724408039000},"page":"1857-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Italian report on RARE epilepsies (i\u2010RARE): A consensus on multidisciplinarity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Riva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa 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