{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:07:12Z","timestamp":1789499232361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Newer glucose\u2010lowering drugs (GLDs) protect against cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Therefore, we performed a meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing newer GLDs to placebo that assessed long\u2010term cardiovascular and renal outcomes to analyze their potential to prevent late\u2010onset seizures and epilepsy, separately and as a combined outcome. A comprehensive MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases search for DPP\u20104 inhibitors, GLP\u20101 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitor RCTs, which reported adverse effects, including seizures and epilepsy on\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , yielded 413 studies. Of them, 27 studies with almost 200\u2009000 patients (mean age 64.9\u2009years, 65.6% males) were included. We calculated relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) using the Mantel\u2013Haenszel method and Peto's method. Patients taking newer GLDs had a 24% lower risk of late\u2010onset seizures and epilepsy, combined, (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62\u20130.95) and 22% lower risk of late\u2010onset seizures only (RR\u2009=\u20090.78; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.60\u20131.00), compared to patients on placebo. This seizure and epilepsy prevention benefit was only noted among patients taking GLP\u20101 receptor agonists. Stroke incidence was comparable between newer GLDs and placebo group. GLP\u20101 receptor agonists like Semaglutide significantly reduce late\u2010onset seizures and epilepsy, and their anti\u2010epileptogenic potential in older adults needs further exploration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis 27 clinical trials and nearly 200\u2009000 patients evaluated the potential of newer glucose\u2010lowering drugs (GLDs) to prevent late\u2010onset seizures and epilepsy in older adults. The study found that newer GLDs, especially GLP\u20101 receptor agonists like Semaglutide, reduced the combined risk of seizures and epilepsy by 24% compared to placebo. These findings suggest that newer GLDs may offer prevention against the development of seizures and epilepsy in older adults. However, further research is needed to confirm their anti\u2010epileptogenic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.13091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T11:28:56Z","timestamp":1730546936000},"page":"2528-2536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Newer glucose\u2010lowering drugs reduce the risk of late\u2010onset seizure and epilepsy: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udeept","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Observer, Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Kasturba Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ifrah","family":"Zawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineet","family":"Punia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13893"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241241383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15357597211053681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15357597231189588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.4","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Review Manager Web (RevMan Web). Version 1.22.0. The Cochrane Collaboration 2020.revman.cochrane.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010018\u20101086\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010021\u201001401\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010023\u201001712\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201048780\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010024\u201002045\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.13091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T14:20:32Z","timestamp":1733926832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi4.13091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi4.13091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.13091","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9239","2470-9239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9239","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-9239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}