{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:27:15Z","timestamp":1788398835828,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Musicogenic epilepsy (ME) is characterized by seizures triggered by music. The epileptogenic focus in this rare reflex epilepsy is often in the temporal lobe, although the precise localization is still unclear. A correlation between ME and the presence of GAD65 antibodies indicates a potential immunological pathogenic mechanism. We evaluated a 32\u2010year\u2010old woman with drug\u2010resistant temporal lobe epilepsy as a candidate for epilepsy surgery. In the absence of clear clinical lateralizing signs, video\u2010EEG monitoring with intracranial electrodes inserted through the foramen ovale was performed to record from the amygdalo\u2010hippocampal regions. The foramen ovale electrodes revealed bilateral, asynchronous, and independent seizure onsets in the mesial temporal regions triggered by music. Testing for GAD65 antibodies confirmed high\u2010titer positivity. The efficacy of epilepsy surgery in antiGAD65\u2010positive ME patients remains limited. We highlight the use of semi\u2010invasive recording with foramen ovale electrodes in ME, as it can reveal bilateral seizures of mesial origin that contraindicate surgery and support the consideration of immunotherapy options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Musicogenic epilepsy is a type of epilepsy in which music triggers seizures. Our understanding of its origin and cause is still limited. We assessed a patient with music\u2010induced seizures to see if surgery was an option. Since noninvasive tests before surgery were not clear, we used a minimally invasive method with electrodes inserted through a small opening in the skull called the foramen ovale to record the seizures. Thus, we found that the seizures started independently from both temporal lobes, contraindicating epilepsy surgery. We also found high levels of GAD65 antibodies indicating an immunological pathogenic mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.13132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T13:15:23Z","timestamp":1737465323000},"page":"609-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti\u2010GAD65 musicogenic epilepsy: Bilateral and independent mesial temporal seizures revealed by foramen ovale electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4202-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Di Giacomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan 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Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Stabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Deleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pastori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan 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