{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:54:55Z","timestamp":1787507695242,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR\u20102018\u201012366425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR\u20102018\u201012366425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gold standard for distinguishing epileptic seizures (ES) from non\u2010epileptic events is video\u2010EEG monitoring. In some cases, video alone might suffice, leading to increased utilization of home videos, to support the diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of such practice and its accuracy compared to video\u2010EEG, to identify key signs and symptoms of functional seizure (FS) and to establish if self\u2010reported questionnaires would improve diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All consecutive patients \u226514\u2009years presenting to six Italian epilepsy centers with either recurrent paroxysmal events of uncertain nature or with confirmed ES were enrolled. Subjects had to record home videos of the events and to respond to ad\u2010hoc questionnaires. De\u2010identified data were randomly assigned to pairs of evaluators blinded to the gold standard diagnosis, one epileptologist and one neurologist, to predict the correct diagnosis in two steps: Step 1 (home video alone) and Step 2 (patient's and witness' questionnaires).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety\u2010four videos (48 ES; 45 FS; 1 other), obtained from 36 patients, were independently evaluated by the 16 reviewers, providing a total of 188 assessments. Diagnostic accuracy for the whole group was 55.3% among epileptologists and 48.9% among neurologists (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.6892) but was significantly higher in the FS subgroup (71.1%) compared to ES (41.7%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0043).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic accuracy was moderate, without significant differences between epileptologists and neurologists, while it was higher for FS compared to ES. The addition of questionnaires did not improve accuracy. Eye closure for FS and abrupt ending for ES emerged as the only diagnostic signs. Thus, homemade videos have a role in differentiating these disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess if home videos can distinguish epileptic seizures from functional seizures. Patients over 14\u2009years from six Italian centers recorded videos of their episodes and answered questionnaires. Data were evaluated by epileptologists and neurologists. Results showed moderate diagnostic accuracy, with higher accuracy for functional seizures compared to epileptic seizures. Key diagnostic signs included eye closure for functional seizures and abrupt endings for epileptic seizures. Questionnaires did not improve accuracy. In conclusion, home videos can help differentiate these events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T06:13:17Z","timestamp":1745820797000},"page":"918-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utility and limitations of homemade videos in differentiating functional seizures from other paroxysmal events: An Italian cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Graecia University  Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Regional Epilepsy Centre, Great Metropolitan Hospital  Reggio Calabria Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2460-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Giussani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurological Disorders, Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurological Disorders, Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Magaudda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Time Dependent Emergency, Neurophysiopatology and Movement Disorders Clinic Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Labate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Time Dependent Emergency, Neurophysiopatology and Movement Disorders Clinic Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Time Dependent Emergency, Neurophysiopatology and Movement Disorders Clinic Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Martellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Casazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Didato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epilepsy Center San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Canevini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epilepsy Center San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Belcastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit Maggiore Hospital, ASST\u2010Lodi  Lodi Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences \u201cAldo Ravelli\u201d Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences \u201cAzienda Socio\u2010Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo E Carlo\u201d, University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Domina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit Maggiore Hospital, ASST\u2010Lodi  Lodi Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"La Neve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DiBraiN University Hospital of Bari \u201cA. 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Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9040-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Velucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Web Design and Development Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Aldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2  Ranica Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Bova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Regional Epilepsy Centre, Great Metropolitan Hospital  Reggio Calabria 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