{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:23:11Z","timestamp":1789780991077,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["855109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["855109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of personalized multichannel tDCS on seizure frequency, severity, quality of life, and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy. Secondary goals include assessing the safety and feasibility of this approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This open\u2010label pilot study involved 16 patients with drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy. Patients underwent 3 cycles of personalized multichannel tDCS over 6 months, targeting the EZ defined by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Each cycle consisted of five consecutive days of tDCS, with two daily sessions of 20\u2009min each. The primary endpoint was a reduction in seizure frequency, with secondary endpoints addressing quality of life (QOLIE\u201031 scores), seizure severity (NHS3 scores), and psychiatric comorbidities (NDDI\u2010E and GAD\u20107 scales).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across all participants, a statistically significant 20% reduction in seizure frequency was observed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044). Six patients (37%) were identified as responders (\u226550% seizure reduction), with one achieving seizure freedom. The mean seizure reduction among responders was 68%. Significant improvements were noted in overall quality of life (QOLIE\u201031,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), with greater benefits for patients with poorer baseline scores. No overall significant changes were observed in depression, anxiety, and seizure severity scores, though individual variability was noted. The treatment was well tolerated, with mild adverse events, primarily skin\u2010related.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personalized multichannel tDCS shows promise as a noninvasive therapeutic option for drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy, with benefits in seizure reduction and quality of life. Although results were variable, the method's safety and feasibility support further exploration through randomized controlled trials to refine protocols, better select potential responders' patients, and validate findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study tested a personalized brain stimulation technique called tDCS in people with difficult\u2010to\u2010treat epilepsy. The treatment led to fewer seizures in some patients and improved their quality of life. The approach was safe and caused only mild side effects. These results suggest that this type of noninvasive brain stimulation may be a helpful new option for people who do not benefit from medication or surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T11:28:14Z","timestamp":1746876494000},"page":"1034-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Personalized multichannel transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (\n                    <scp>tDCS<\/scp>\n                    ) in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy: A\n                    <scp>SEEG<\/scp>\n                    based open\u2010labeled study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1678-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Bartolomei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology Department APHM, Timone Hospital  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00ebva","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4644-4873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megane","family":"Delourme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHM, Health Research Direction  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Tardoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHM, Health Research Direction  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Makhalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology Department APHM, Timone Hospital  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eya","family":"Bourguiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Medina Villalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology Department APHM, Timone Hospital  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2916-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislas","family":"Lagarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology Department APHM, Timone Hospital  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Wendling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, INSERM  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroelectrics Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroelectrics Barcelona  Barcelona 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