{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:28:40Z","timestamp":1787495320540,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LX22NPO5107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009553","name":"Agentura Pro Zdravotnick\u00fd V\u00fdzkum \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU21\u201008\u201000228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU21\u201008\u201000228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug\u2010resistant epilepsy, a severe and diagnostically challenging neurological condition often linked to focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), represents a significant social and healthcare burden. While the thalamus is notably altered in this disorder, it remains unclear whether these changes result from epilepsy manifestation or participate in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to characterize volumetric and microstructural changes in the thalamus and thalamocortical pathways in epilepsy patients with FCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively enrolled 24 patients with drug\u2010resistant epilepsy caused by FCD and 16 age\u2010matched healthy controls. Diffusion MRI data and quantitative T1 were acquired, and advanced diffusion techniques \u2013 Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), and Fixel\u2010Based Analysis (FBA) \u2013 were employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Volumetric analysis revealed a significant reduction in thalamic volume ipsilateral to the epileptic lesion. Microstructural analysis identified bilateral alterations in thalamocortical tracts, including changes in both DKI and NODDI diffusion metrics, indicating tissue disorganization and axonal integrity loss. However, no significant microstructural differences were observed between ipsilateral and contralateral thalami, suggesting that thalamic changes may be a consequence of epilepsy rather than its cause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates widespread structural and microstructural disruptions in the thalamus and thalamocortical networks in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy due to FCD, providing valuable insights into its complex pathophysiology and laying the groundwork for future research utilizing advanced diffusion imaging and analysis techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used advanced MRI techniques to examine the thalamus \u2010 a deep brain structure that relays signals and helps coordinate brain activity \u2010 in people with focal epilepsy caused by abnormal development of the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thinking, movement, and sensory processing, and where seizures often begin. Researchers found subtle structural changes in the thalamus and its connections to the cortex, even beyond the area directly affected by the lesion. These results provide new insight into how epilepsy can disrupt brain networks and offer a foundation for future studies using modern neuroimaging techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T16:38:29Z","timestamp":1753720709000},"page":"1505-1518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Abnormalities of thalamus and thalamocortical pathways in patients with refractory epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia \u2013\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7384-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeva","family":"Prysiazhniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1871-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Michal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0810-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"\u0160anda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4046-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Holubov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7853-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kudr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kr\u00fdsl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7026-8238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Maulisov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Jir\u00e1nkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1240-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Marusi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Kr\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-6351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kyn\u010dl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5944-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Ot\u00e1hal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"EpiReC Epilepsy Research Center Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0278-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.643450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010541.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00374"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000449009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.9.1636"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12520"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"deB\u00e9zenacCE LeekN AdanG MohanrajR BiswasS MarsonAG et\u00a0al.Subcortical alterations in newly diagnosed epilepsy and associated changes in brain connectivity and cognition.2024.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.14.24307274","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.14.24307274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1252472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00375.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101759"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823efd0d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02508.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2018.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.15612"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Recommendations for structural brain MRI in the diagnosis of epilepsy|Doporu\u010den\u00ed pro struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed MR mozku v diagnostice epilepsie","volume":"86","author":"Kyn\u010dl M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cesk Slov Neurol Neurochir"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116946"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","first-page":"2472","article-title":"Multi\u2010tissue log\u2010domain intensity and inhomogeneity normalisation for quantitative apparent fibre density","volume":"29","author":"Dhollander T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc ISMRM"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1518"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4386"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02350-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchillingKG TaxCMW RheaultF LandmanBA AndersonAW DescoteauxM et\u00a0al.Prevalence of white matter pathways coming into a single diffusion MRI voxel orientation: the bottleneck issue in tractography.2021.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.06.22.449454","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.22.449454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049790"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","unstructured":"WechslerD.Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale \u2013 Third Edition (WAIS\u2010III) [Czech adaptation].Testcentrum."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","unstructured":"WechslerD.Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 Third Edition (WISC\u2010III) [Czech adaptation].Testcentrum."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","unstructured":"BayleyN.Bayley Scales of Infant Development \u2013 Second Edition (BSID\u2010II) [Czech adaptation].Testcentrum."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0488-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04842-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.789812"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0655-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0292-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.662855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13570"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01319-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2678379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rard.2016.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100004479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17333"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T10:32:31Z","timestamp":1764671551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi4.70109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi4.70109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.70109","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9239","2470-9239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9239","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-9239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}