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In this preliminary study, we investigated the effects of simultaneous transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on LKS patients and the underlying mechanism based on magnetoencephalography (MEG) network analysis. Three LKS patients were included, all receiving daily stimulation for 15\u2009days in 3\u2009weeks, with MEG data collected to determine stimulation target and measure functional connectivity through normalized phase transfer entropy (PTE). The primary clinical outcome was measured through the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Two patients with clustered spike dipoles in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL) showed profound clinical improvement after stimulation. PTE analysis showed increased dorsal pathway information flow, mainly in the left hemisphere, and increased ventral pathway information flow in both hemispheres. This study preliminarily showed that tDCS\u2010rTMS was safe to undergo and likely to improve language function in LKS patients. Stimulating the right IPL not only affects the right hemisphere language network but also profoundly affects the left hemisphere network that participates in language perception, processing, and understanding. The dynamic balance of the language network connections was reconstructed, which may be associated with improved language function in LKS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Due to the lack of effective long\u2010term treatment options, we investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rTMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) on language function in Landau\u2013Kleffner syndrome (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LKS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) patients and the possible therapeutic mechanism by magnetoencephalography network analysis. Three\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LKS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients were included. We found\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rTMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      improved language function without side effects in two of the patients whose stimulation target was the right inferior parietal lobe, possibly due to significantly enhanced information flow in bilateral language streams, indicating modulated language network connections. Thus, we preliminarily proved the safety and effectiveness of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rTMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and unveiled underlying network mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T23:42:15Z","timestamp":1759794135000},"page":"1997-2008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simultaneous tDCS\u2010rTMS stimulation to regulate the language network and improve language ability in Landau\u2013Kleffner syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Runze","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital 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