{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:16:19Z","timestamp":1780481779490,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized by recurrent seizures originating usually from the hippocampus, and approximately one\u2010third of TLE patients remain refractory to pharmacological interventions. Surgical resection offers a potential cure for refractory TLE cases, with approximately 70% achieving seizure freedom. Still, the pathogenesis of TLE remains poorly understood. Electrophysiological characterization of the resected tissue with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can help reveal the pathogenesis of TLE, but the commercially available MEAs cover only a small part of the hippocampal cross\u2010section. The objective here is to develop a MEA that can cover a significant area of a human hippocampal slice to help understand the electrophysiology of TLE pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The custom MEA, entitled Hippo\u2010MEA, was designed to have 60 round electrodes, each 60\u2009\u03bcm in diameter, in an area of 5.6\u2009mm\u2009\u00d7\u20095.6\u2009mm. The titanium nitride\u2010coated electrodes were deposited on borosilicate glass using ion beam\u2010assisted e\u2010beam deposition (IBAD) process. Hippo\u2010MEA's sample chamber, named Sample Cup, was designed large enough to hold a human hippocampal slice. Hippocampal samples were obtained from patients undergoing neurosurgical tissue resection for TLE treatment and sliced to 300\u2009\u03bcm thick sections for Hippo\u2010MEA recording. Data from the Hippo\u2010MEA were recorded using the commercially available MEA2100\u2010Mini\u2010system. Cellular composition of the recording area was analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracellular action potentials (EAPs) and local field potentials (LFPs) were successfully recorded from acute human hippocampal slices. Activity was mainly localized to the dentate gyrus, whereas the CA regions found sclerotic and gliotic in IHC analysis showed little to no activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hippo\u2010MEA is compatible with a commercially available and widely used data acquisition system and enables recording of EAPs and LFPs across several regions of human hippocampal tissue. This enables Hippo\u2010MEA, in combination with other methods, to help discover the neurophysiological mechanisms of TLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In some cases of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the only treatment option is to surgically remove a part of the brain, including a structure known as the hippocampus, which is often the source of the electrical epileptic activity. Understanding hippocampal function is important to understanding the reasons behind TLE and designing the surgeries. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are a tool for recording the electrical function of tissues. Here we present a new MEA, named Hippo\u2010MEA, that is big enough to measure a cross\u2010section of the human hippocampus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:00:39Z","timestamp":1774447239000},"page":"777-786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microelectrode array scaled for human hippocampal slices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4154-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anssi","family":"Pelkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0403-2646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Lezhneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7424-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomi","family":"Ryyn\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Biomedical Technology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Tampere Institute for Advanced Study Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joose","family":"Kreutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Biomedical Technology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"BioGenium Microsystems Oy  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8192-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeriia","family":"Sitnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2194-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Budia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Della Pietra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2139-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Dougalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Kyyri\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6172-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mastaneh","family":"Torkamani\u2010Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Eronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2250-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuomas","family":"Rauramaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arto","family":"Immonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCenter Neurosurgery Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4282-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ville","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCenter Neurosurgery Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reetta","family":"K\u00e4lvi\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Kuopio Epilepsy Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Full Member of EpiCARE ERN  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-7472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarja","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0429-22.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02924-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63541-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25378-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00641-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.15.648977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02009-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.5.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.05.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microglia\u2010like cells promote neuronal functions in cerebral organoids","volume":"11","author":"Fagerlund I","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02486-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01526-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17301"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi4.70204","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:40:09Z","timestamp":1780479609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi4.70204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi4.70204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.70204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9239","2470-9239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9239","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-9239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}