{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:09:33Z","timestamp":1778936973628,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether scalp oscillatory patterns\u2014particularly scalp fast oscillations (SFOs) (&gt;30\u2009Hz) detected using 256\u2010channel high\u2010density EEG (HD\u2010EEG)\u2014are associated with and can predict surgical outcomes in patients with drug\u2010resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE\u2010HS) undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study included 47 patients with drug\u2010resistant TLE\u2010HS who underwent HD\u2010EEG and subsequent ATL with at least 24\u2009months of postoperative follow\u2010up. A total of 70 averaged interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were analyzed using time\u2013frequency methods. Scalp oscillation frequencies across anterior temporal, posterior temporal, and extratemporal regions were calculated, and cluster analysis was performed to identify significant patterns. Scalp fast oscillations (SFOs; &gt;30\u2009Hz) were separately analyzed. Associations with surgical outcomes were assessed using generalized linear mixed models, and diagnostic performance was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 70 averaged IEDs from 47 patients were analyzed. Patients with seizure recurrence exhibited higher median scalp oscillation frequencies across anterior temporal (34.26\u2009Hz), posterior temporal (29.47\u2009Hz), and extratemporal regions (25.25\u2009Hz) compared to seizure\u2010free patients (12.50, 7.56, and 9.17\u2009Hz, respectively). Among 22 IEDs with SFOs (&gt;30\u2009Hz), cluster\u2010based analysis identified a specific frequency pattern significantly associated with surgical outcome (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031). This SFO\u2010based pattern independently predicted seizure recurrence (odds ratio\u2009=\u200912.60, 95% CI: 1.19\u2013133.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036), with a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 64.3%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.759.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that specific scalp oscillatory patterns, particularly SFOs detected via 256\u2010channel HD\u2010EEG, are predictive of surgical outcomes in TLE\u2010HS. These findings suggest that scalp oscillation analysis may serve as a valuable, noninvasive biomarker in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy and could aid in delineating the extent of the epileptogenic network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we used advanced brainwave recordings (called high\u2010density EEG) to examine electrical patterns in the brains of people with epilepsy. We found that certain fast brainwave signals were linked to whether surgery could stop seizures. These signals may help doctors better plan epilepsy surgery in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T05:14:40Z","timestamp":1770441280000},"page":"564-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scalp fast oscillations detected by high\u2010density\n                    <scp>EEG<\/scp>\n                    as a noninvasive predictor of surgical outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pongsakorn","family":"Kongsakorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital The Thai Red Cross Society  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suda","family":"Jirasakuldej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital The Thai Red Cross Society  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peerasit","family":"Treesuthacheep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital The Thai Red Cross Society  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Totsapol","family":"Surawattanawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital The Thai Red Cross Society  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chusak","family":"Limotai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital The Thai Red Cross Society  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003714"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12853"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4316"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv372"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17185"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh358"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4996"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl085"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm149"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22548"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0259-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209216"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228bee2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535759720957308"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011465"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.6.JNS222695"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac222"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.9.1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00212.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00337-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0658-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.696882"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.10.016"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70232","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi4.70232","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:30:03Z","timestamp":1778934603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi4.70232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi4.70232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.70232","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9239","2470-9239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9239","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-9239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}